- 


California  horticultural 

society. 

Report  of  the  second  An- 
nual fair,  held  in  the  city 
of  San  Frencisco. 

1858 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT   LOS  ANGELES 


ROBERT  ERNEST  COWAN 


REPORT 


SECOND   ANNUAL  FAIR 


CALIFORNIA 


HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY 


HELD     IN     THE 


CITY  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO, 

From  the  2nd  to  the  26th  September, 
1858. 


SAX 

TOWNE  &  BACON,  PUINTKK*.   KXCKI.SIOK   HTKAM   1' 

SIUKKI.  I 

1  s.m. 


REPORT 


SECOND  ANNUAL  FAIR 


OF       THE 


CALIFORNIA 

HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY 

HELD     IN    THE 

CITY  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO, 

From  the  2nd  to  the  26th  September, 
1858. 


SAN    FRANCISCO: 

TOWNE  &  BACON,  PRINTERS,  EXCELSIOR  STEAM  PRESSES, 

No.  125  CLAY  STREET,  COR.  SANSOME. 

1858. 


c  m 


ANNUAL  EEPORT. 


In  the  closing  of  the  Second  Annual  Exhibition  of  the  California  Horticultural 
Society,  the  Executive  Committee  find  the  greatest  encouragement  to  future  effort 
in  the  widely  awakened  interest,  exchange  of  knowledge  and  productions  in  our 
diversified  climate,  with  an  actual  four  fold  increase  in  the  amount  of  products  exhib- 
ited, while  there  is  a  double  number  of  varieties  of  every  product  shown. 

The  Fruit  Conventions,  in  connection  with  the  Exhibition,  were  numerously  at- 
tended and  the  records  show  the  observation  of  many  facts  which  will  be  of  great 
importance  to  the  success  of  fruit  culture  in  the  State. 

The  Executive  Committee,  in  reviewing  the  Exhibition  this  year  presented,  find 
•^  the  bulk  of  the  product  is  from  the  basin  commencing  at  Alameda,  on  the  east  side 
^2  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  extending  round  the  bay  southward  to  San  Mateo,  on  the 
>T  west  side  of  the  bay. 

The  next  greatest  product  is  from  the  Napa  and  Sonoma  valleys  —  the  greater 

2  heat  of  which  had  accelerated  the  ripening  and  color  of  what  are  ordinarily  winter 
yz  fruits.     The  lesser  product  was  from  the  valleys  of  the  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento 
•S  —  the  Fair  being  too  late  for  the  early  ripening  fruits,  and  as  yet  the  cultivation  of 

3  late  varieties  has  not  made  great  advance  in  that  region.     We  find,  in  all,  from  one 
hundred  and  sixteen  contributors,  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  varieties  of  Apples, 
thirty-five  varieties  of  Peaches,  eighty-two  varieties  of  Pears,  and  forty-eight  varie- 
ties of  Grapes.     All  good,  many  excellent. 

We  find,  also,  many  Seedlings  of  great  promise,  and  a  determination,  induced  by 
their  superior  excellence,  to  add  to  the  number. 

The  Reports  of  Committees,  while  showing  the  awards,  also  in  many  cases,  give 
the  views  of  Committees,  which  often  could  be  enlarged  upon  with  decided  benefit ; 
and  we  beg  here  to  remark,  for  future  guidance,  that  accompanying  exhibits  made 
hereafter,  a  detail  of  soil,  climate  and  method  of  culture  will  be  required  to  aid  the 
Committees  in  making  up  their  reports,  the  more  necessary  from  the  novelty  of 
climate  and  soil,  and  diversity  of  horticultural  opinion  in  regard  to  some  of  the  great- 
est interests  of  the  State. 

In  this  connection,  we  particularly  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  the  vine  growers 
throughout  the  State  to  the  importance  of  noting  the  effects  of  the  varied  soils  and 

302368 


systems  of  pruning ;  also  of  the  effects  of  the  late  and  early  frosts  on  the  different 
imported  varieties ;  also  as  to  the  success  of  the  vineyards  planted  from  cuttings  or 
rooted  plants  on  the  more  dry  or  warmer  soils.  This  course  would  early  enable  the 
Executive  to  disseminate  reliable  information  in  regard  to  this  valuable  California 
staple  of  commerce. 

The  Executive  found  a  most  generous  patronage  on  the  part  of  the  citizens  of  San 
Francisco  and  adjacent  counties  and  the  strongest  interest  in  their  well-doin;;.  For 
the  reasons  above  given,  that  all  parts  of  our  State  cannot  be  fairly  represented  at 
one  Exhibition  late  in  the  season,  we  recommend  hereafter,  monthly  or  semi-annual 
Exhibitions,  being  assured  there  is  sufficient  public  interest  in  the  success  of  Califor- 
nia horticulture  to  support  their  efforts. 

F.  W.  MACONDRAY, 
W.  WADSWORTH, 
W.  N.  THOMPSON, 
B.  S.  FOX, 
J.  W.  OSBORN. 

The  Annual  Fair  was  opened  in  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  September  1st,  1858. 
The  decoration,  opportunity  of  display  and  enthusiastic  interest  of  the  members  of 
the  Society,  aided  in  producing  a  gathering  of  the  State's  hoi  ticultural  resources  to 
an  extent  cheering,  not  only  to  the  friends  of  horticulture,  but  to  all  who  have  an 
interest  in  the  future  of  California. 

In  absence  of  the  President,  F.  W.  Macondray,  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  by 
J.  "W.  Osborn,  Vice  President.  The  officers  of  kindred  societies  were  requested  to 
come  on  the  stand,  where  were  found  the  officers  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute ;  Mr. 
Ely,  delegate  from  the  Ohio  Agricultural  Society ;  Mr.  Silver,  delegate  from  the 
Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society;  and  Mr.  Sweezy,  delegate  from  the  California 
State  Agricultural  Society. 

Mr.  Osborn  then  stated  that  the  Society  was  formed  two  years  ago,  by  some  fifteen 
gentlemen  interested  in  California  progress,  and  now  numbered  nearly  one  hundred 
members.  The  previous  year's  exhibition  had  been  gotten  up  at  a  short  week's 
notice,  while  the  present,  though  the  result  of  a  year's  organization,  was,  from  the 
unfavorable  season,  not  a  fair  sample  of  California  fruits  or  orchards.  Large  fruit- 
bearing  districts  were  not  represented ;  and  he  would  have  no  one,  especially  strangers, 
think  they  had  seen  all  that  California  soil  and  climate  was  capable  of  producing ; 
but  at  some  future  exhibition,  when  the  season  is  more  propitious,  California  orchard- 
ists,  and  her  young  orchards,  would  be  fairly  represented,  in  increased  beauty  and 
size  of  product.  He  would  now  introduce  to  the  audience  his  fellow-member,  the 
Hon.  Wilson  Flint,  to  deliver  the  annual  address.  Mr.  Flint  came  forward,  and 
spoke  as  follows : 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  MEMBERS  OF  THE  CALIFORNIA  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY,  AND 
LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  If  eloquence  alone  was  required  to  commemorate  with 


fitting  record  the  multifarious  and  wonderful  productions  of  the  garden,  which  you 
exhibit  at  your  second  Annual  Fair,  then  the  eloquence  adequate  to  sufficiently  ex- 
press the  amazement  which  all  feel  on  this  occasion,  as  we  view  the  teeming  abun- 
dance of  Pomona's  ambrosial  gifts,  must  be  found,  not  in  the  poor  language  which 
I  am  privileged  to  address  to  you,  but  in 

"  Whatever  earth,  all  bearing  mother,  yields 
In  India,  East  or  West,  or  middle  shore, 
In  Pontus  or  the  Punic  coast,  or  where 
Alcinous  reigned,  fruits  of  all  kinds,  in  coat, 
Hough  or  smooth  rind,  or  bearded  husk,  or  shell." 
Or, 

"  On  the  humid  flowers,  that  breathed 
Their  morning  incense,  when  all  things,  that  breathe 
From  the  earth's  great  altar,  send  up  silent  praise." 

That  manifestations  of  surprise  should  be  general  from  a  large  number  of  those 
who  visit  your  exhibition,  is  natural,  because  to  this  day  the  great  majority  of  our 
citizens  regard  our  State  only  as  a  temporary  place  of  sojourn,  and  seldom  take  the 
trouble  to  inform  themselves  correctly  about  our  horticulture.  Indeed,  the  bleak  and 
barren  prospect  surrounding  this  metropolis,  is  apt  to  unfavorably  impress  the  stranger 
with  our  facilities  for  pomological  eminence,  and  as  he  makes  a  hurried  visit  to  our 
grain  districts,  he  marks  a  general  absence  of  gardens  and  orchards,  and  it  is  only 
when  visiting  our  markets  or  fair,  that  he  becomes  convinced  that  our  horticulture  is 
keeping  pace  with  all  other  industrial  pursuits. 

That  horticulture  in  California  has  many  difficulties  to  encounter  is  evident  from 
the  fact  that  our  soil  is  of  recent  secondary  formation,  and  is  generally  deficient  in 
those  rich  leaf  molds  which  can  only  be  produced  by  the  rotation  of  forest  trees.  To 
supply  this  deficiency  is  the  first  thought  of  the  scientific  horticulturist,  and  I  may  re- 
mark that  this  constitutes  the  material  difference  between  agriculture  and  horticulture  ; 
for  be  it  remembered,  there  is  a  wide  difference  between  the  two  pursuits.  Agricul- 
ture is  that  kind  of  husbandry  which  looks  mainly  to  the  largest  breadth  of  acres  under 
subjection,  erroneously  calculating  that  the  more  acres  are  planted,  the  greater  will 
be  the  pro  rata  of  profits  on  the  investment  made.  A  system  of  false  economy, 
which  wholly  denies,  or  grudgingly  appropriates  a  meager  and  worthless  corner  to 
the  kitchen  garden  and  orchard.  A  system  of  impoverishment  and  exhaustion, 
which,  by  the  succession  of  crops,  garnered  and  sent  to  distant  markets  for  consump- 
tion, returns  none  of  the  atoms  drawn  from  the  land,  but  meets  the  demands  of  the 
famishing  soil  with  a  cheaper  and  more  superficial  cultivation.  This  is  what  has  im- 
poverished the  James'  River  lands  of  Virginia,  the  Genessee  country  of  New  York, 
the  prairies  of  Michigan,  the  "  openings  "  of  Mississippi,  and  the  plains  of  California  ; 
for  it  is  a  startling  truth  that  the  yield  per  acre  of  the  cereals,  all  over  the  once  rich 
valleys  of  our  State,  is  so  much  on  the  decrease  that  with  the  immense  increase 
annually  of  breadth  of  land  put  into  grain,  still  the  amount  produced  is  not  much 
greater  in  the  aggregate.  In  some  of  the  localities  I  have  mentioned,  agriculture 
has  been  abandoned  on  account  of  the  exhausted  condition  of  the  soil,  and  young 


6 

forests  have  taken  possession  of  the  discarded  premises,  and  are  yearly  teaching  heed- 
less men  the  rudiments  of  horticulture,  by  annual  deposits  of  leaf  mold,  which,  in 
nature's  good  time,  will  restore  its  primitive  richness. 

Horticulture,  on  the  other  hand,  is  that  application  of  labor  which  calls  in  the  aid 
of  science,  and  applies  chemical  tests  in  analyzing  the  soil,  so  that  superfluity  may  be 
checked  or  deficiency  supplied.  Laborious,  tedious  and  oftentimes  expensive,  this 
mode  of  preparation  and  cultivation  can  only  be  applied  to  a  limited  quantity  of  land, 
compared  to  the  large  grain  farms ;  yet,  when  a  comparison  is  made  between  the  two 
.systems  of  labor  for  the  supply  of  human  food,  it  will  be  found  that  in  every  case  the 
garden  and  orchard  are  the  most  profitable.  If  an  estimate  be  made  of  the  cost  of 
the  daily  food  consumed  in  large  cities,  it  will  be  found  that  the  orchard  and  vegeta- 
ble garden  contribute  fully  equally  with  the  harvest  field,  while  the  amount  of  land 
covered  by  the  latter  is  as  fifty  to  one  of  the  former. 

The  science  of  horticulture  grew  out  of  the  necessities  of  dense  population,  and 
attained  high  perfection  ages  since,  not  only  among  the  civilized  nations  of  Europe, 
but  in  Egypt,  Palestine,  India,  and  the  Chinese  Empire.  We  learn  frern  the  few 
gleams  of  light  thrown  upon  the  industrial  pursuits  of  the  people  by  the  historian, 
that  great  labor  was  devoted  and  enriching  cultivation  given  to  the  lands  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  cities,  as  in  those  remote  ages  transportation  from  a  distance  was  tedious 
and  expensive.  Not  only  have  the  achievements  of  horticultural  science  been  trans- 
mitted to  us  on  the  rude  parchments  of  the  dead  languages,  but  when  we  explore 
this  vast  continent,  we  are  enabled  to  trace  with  accuracy  the  moldering  outlines  of 
gigantic  aqueducts,  which  once  conveyed  broad  rivers  from  mountain  glens  to  ver- 
dant plains,  watering  from  their  artificial  sources  the  parched  earth,  that  it  might 
bring  forth  seed  time  and  harvest  for  the  myriads  of  human  kind  once  peopling  the 
great  plains  of  our  Colorado — all  now,  except  those  speechless  monuments,  with  their 
illegible  inscriptions,  passed  into  dim  oblivion. 

Indeed,  horticultui-e  was  the  first  occupation  of  man,  as  appears  recorded  in  the 
first  pages  of  Sacred  History,  where  Adam  and  Eve, 

"  On  to  their  morning's  rural  work  they  haste, 
Among  sweet  dew  and  flowers ;  where  any  row 
Of  fruit  trees  over  woody,  reach  too  far 
Their  pampered  boughs,"and  needed  hands  to  check 
Fruitless  embraces ;  or  they  let  the  vine 
To  wed  the  elm ;  she,  spoused,  about  him  twines 
Her  marriageable  arms,  and  with  him  brings 
Her  dower,  the  adopted  clusters,  to  adorn 
His  barren  leaves." 


Thus  man,  created  a  little  lower  than  the  angels,  was  made  lord  of  the  earth,  and 
placed  in  charge  of  Paradise,  that  garden  planted  by  the  hand  of  Deity,  and  given 
instinct  of  knowledge  to  train  its  walks  with  symmetry  in  keeping  with  the  order 
established  by  the  Great  Architect ;  celestial  labor,  which  called  them  forth  from 
flowery  couches  at  early  morn,  to  breathe  its  dewy  fragrance  ;  or  with  enraptured  eye, 


trace  the  outlines  of  mountains,  hills,  valleys,  lakes,  rivers,  fountains,  rills  and  spark- 
ling jets,  as  Aurora,  from  the  gray  east,  dispels  night's  shadows,  and  spreads  over  all 
effulgent  light,  giving  the  mortal  vision  an  ideal  of  the  grandeur  when  God  said,  Let 
there  be  light, 

"  And  forthwith  light 

Sprung  from  the  deep  ;  and  from  her  native  east, 

Sphered  in  a  radiant  cloud, 

Sojourned  the  while." 

The  pleasures  enjoyed  by  our  first  parents  while  tending  the  Garden  of  Eden,  have 
been  the  prolific  theme  of  historian  sand  poets ;  they  have  given  divine  inspiration 
to  the  theologian,  and  lent  an  air  of  mysterious  charm  to  the  mythology  of  ancient 
nations,  and  it  is  only  after  their  expulsion  from  those  happy  realms  that  we  are 
brought  to  view 

"  A  field 

Part  arable  and  tilth,  whereon  were  sheaves 
New  reaped  ;  the  other  part  sheep  walks  and  folds. 

Thither  auon 

A  sweaty  reaper  from  his  tillage  brought 
First  fruits,  the  green  ear  and  the  yellow  sheaf." 

Plainly  we  are  told  in  Sacred  History  that  Adam  and  Eve  were  expelled  from  the 
horticultural  beauties  of  Eden,  because  of  their  disobedience  of  the  rules  imposed  for 
their  moral  and  social  government,  and  for  this  were  they  sent  out  upon  the  bleak 
earth  to  become  farmers  and  till  the  soil,  and  by  the  sweat  of  the  brow,  to  eat  their 
bread  all  the  days  of  their  life. 

I  am  often  reminded  of  this  warning  found  in  Sacred  History  when  I  see  at  this 
day  persons  disposing  of  their  little  homestead  gardens,  whose  luscious  fruits  have 
cost  the  good  portion  of  a  lifetime  to  mature,  seemingly  having  no  regrets  as  they 
assume  the  more  laborious  duties  of  farming,  or  encumber  themselves  with  the  anxi- 
eties and  mutations  of  the  metropolis. 

The  remembrance  of  the  beauties  of  Eden  clung  fast  to  the  minds  of  Adam  and 
Eve,  and  were  handed  down  from  generation  to  generation,  tradition  preserving  un- 
dimmed  the  glories  and  splendors  of  the  primeval  period,  creating  in  each  successive 
age  a  more  refined  and  cultivated  taste,  which  led  to  the  desire  for  gardens  and  rural 
retreats,  which,  so  far  as  human  skill  could  fashion,  might  to  some  extent  imitate,  free 
from  profane  emulation,  that  unapproachable  paradise  planted  and  watered  by  the 
hand  of  the  Creator. 

It  is  to  horticulture  that  every  country  is  mainly  indebted  for  its  permanent  pros- 
perity, and  as  an  illustration  of  this,  look  at  some  of  the  best  valleys  in  our  State, 
where  a  land  tenantry  system  of  occupation  prevails.  There  the  population  being 
nomadic,  coming  and  going  with  the  close  of  the  harvest,  having  no  permanent  inter- 
est in  the  soil,  a  skimming  cultivation  is  adopted,  orchards  are  not  planted,  hedges 
made,  houses  built  fit  for  women  and  children  to  live  in,  nor  does  the  transient  citizen 
feel  that  identity  of  interest  in  the  social  and  political  welfare  of  the  country,  which  it 
should  be  his  pride  and  ambition  to  foster. 


8    ' 

Fellow-citizens : — It  is  with  heartfelt  emotions  that  I  congratulate  you  upon  the 
successful  establishment  of  a  State  Horticultural  Society,  and  however  feeble  my 
efforts  to  do  justice  to  the  great  occasion  you  now  celebrate.  I  shall  ever  regard  it  as 
one  of  the  proudest  actions  of  my  life,  to  have  the  honor  of  having  presented  to  you 
your  first  annual  address. 

The  labors  which  your  society  will  have  to  perform  in  the  brilliant  future,  which 
opens  to  our  hands  new  and  untried  fields,  by  the  development  of  the  Pacific  coast, 
are  of  a  multifarious  nature  and  gigantic  magnitude.  You  enter  upon  an  exploration 
where  much  of  the  experience  which  you  obtained  in  other  countries,  and  other  climes 
is  found  of  little  avail.  The  total  absence  of  the  frozen  rest  of  winter,  and  the  recur- 
rence of  its  rains,  give  you  a  climate  widely  different  from  that  of  the  Atlantic  States 
and  Europe;  consequently  you  have  to  struggle  against  the  obstinate  prejudices  of  a 
life-time,  and  cast  away  as  worse  than  useless,  the  theories  and  practices  by  which 
you  obtained  success  in  other  lands.  You  have  here  to  launch  out  upon  an  ocean  of 
experiment ;  charts,  books  and  old  landmarks  are  of  little  avail  here,  where  there  are 
really  but  two  seasons,  spring  and  autumn. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  labors  to  which  you  will  more  immediately  direct  your  atten- 
tion, will  be  the  production  of  a  written  code  of  theories  and  applications  resulting 
from  studious  investigations,  which,  by  }'our  authoritative  recommendation,  may  enable 
the  novice  to  steer  clear  of  the  empiricism  and  error  which  so  widely  prevail  in  Cali- 
ifbrnia.  Gathered  as  our  people  are,  from  all  the  peoples  of  the  earth,  it  would  be 
stange  if  customs  and  habits  as  diversified,  were  not  intermingled  in  the  association. 

Thus  a  great  range  of  material  offers  for  your  investigations,  and  I  trust  that  the 
crucible  in  which  you  will  refine  the  incongruous  mass  may  discard  as  unworthy  of 
preservation,  speculative  ideasof  doubtful  utility.  This  is  the  age  of  telegraphic  direct- 
ness, and  it  should  be  the  purpose  of  all  to  winnow  our  superfluity,  and  adapt  to  the 
purposes  of  life,  time  and  labor-saving  ideas  and  implements.  To  facilitate  the  inter- 
change of  knowledge,  and  eradicate  the  clannishness  which  is  apt  to  follow  the  emi- 
grant from  his  native  to  adopted  home,  to  crush  out  the  features  of  character  of  races 
most  yielding  ;  and  organize  into  a  new  and  powerful  angloism,  is  the  vocation  of  com- 
mon schools,  scientific  discussions,  and  Industrial  Fairs,  and  I  rejoice  to  find  that 
among  the  exhibitors  to  your  exhibition  may  be  found  people  of  almost  all  nativities  ; 
and  no  better  evidence  can  be  given  of  the  good  you  are  accomplishing  towards  the 
comfort  and  pleasure  of  life,  and  the  dignity  and  amelioration  of  labor,  than  in  the 
gratification  and  interest  manifested  by  the  throngs  of  people  who  so  generously  give 
countenance  and  material  support  to  the  display  which  you  have  prepared  for  their 
education.  In  the  progress  of  your  society  you  will  have  many  difficulties  to  over- 
come and  prejudices  to  encounter  on  the  part  of  the  selfish  and  obtuse,  who  will  ridi- 
cule your  association  because  there  may  be  among  the  members  enthusiasts.  Enthu- 
siasts, forsooth !  I  pity  the  ignoramus  who  cannot  see  that  no  great  individual 
success  was  ever  achieved,  either  in  the  glory  of  arms,  or  in  the  belles  lettrcs  or  attain- 
ments of  science,  unless  some  successful  competitor  was  an  enthusiast.  Enthusiast  1 
I  claim  to  be  one  myself,  and  next  to  my  love  of  God,  and  to  my  wife  and  children, 
comes  adoration  of  flowers  and  fruits,  and  forests  and  mountains. 


9 

What  a  foretaste  is  it  of  the  blissful  hereafter,  to  go  forth  in  the  early  morning,  when 
the  dew  drops  sparkle  on  every  leaflet,  like  myriads  of  diamonds,  and  take  part  in 
the  heaven  worship  of  the  countless  flowers,  and  herbs,  and  trees,  that  look  upward 
towards  starry  worlds,  and  join  the  carol  of  the  feathered  tribes,  our  heart  beating 
with  emotions  as  glad  and  joyous  as  theirs,  thanking  God  for  all  those  blessings  which 
bring  health,  strength  and  happiness. 

Enthusiast!  That  is  just  the  material  wanted  to  make  your  Society  useful,  and 
you  should  all  feel  that  kind  of  enthusiasm  for  the  calling  to  which  you  have  devoted 
yourself,  which  will  economise  every  moment  of  your  precious  lifetime,  that  your 
labor  will  not  be  lost,  so  that  you  may  bequeath  to  posterity,  if  nothing  more,  the 
legacy  of  a  good  example. 

Individual  objections  are  sometimes  urged  against  Fairs,  because  they  bring  to- 
gether so  large  a  number  of  people  that  the  public  are  subjected  to  the  rapacity  of 
hotel  keepers,  and  the  kindred  extortionists,  hovering  around  such  assemblages.  This, 
to  a  mortifying  extent,  is  true,  when  applied  to  the  small  villages  where  the  great 
Fairs  are  sometimes  by  necessity  held  ;  yet  it  does  not  prove,  as  some  assert,  that  all 
Fairs  are  got  up  expressly  for  the  benefit  of  landlordsand  public  carriers  ;  and  I  trust 
that  hereafter  the  private  hospitality  so  generously  extended  in  a  neighboring  city, 
during  the  recent  State  Agricultural  Fair,  will  teach  innkeepers  that  Industrial  Fairs 
are  for  a  higher  purpose  than  to  alone  contribute  to  their  extortionate  demands. 

Your  labors,  as  a  Society,  or  as  individuals,  necessarily  extend  over  a  great  variety 
of  soils  and  climate;  consequently,  your  attention  will  become  directed  to  the  habits 
of  almost  every  fruit  and  plant  indigenous  to  the  endless  summer  of  the  tropics,  as 
well  as  through  every  gradation  of  climate,  even  up  to  the  ice-bound  north.  All  of 
the  mild  and  warmer  regions  of  your  State  have,  to  a  limited  extent,  been  made  trib- 
utary to  the  husbandman  ;  but  there  is  an  elevated  plateau  of  land  running  along  the 
foot  of  the  high  and  bald  Sierra  Nevadas,  which,  for  extent  of  territory  and  similarity 
of  climate,  may  be  compared  to  the  New  England  States.  This  country  is  yet  a 
primeval  forest,  interspersed  with  extensive  meadows  and  covered  with  deep  snows 
through  the  winter  seasons.  To  this  region  you  should  direct  early  attention  to  the 
planting  of  Apple  orchards,  as  it  is  a  matter  of  uncertainty  as  to  whether  we  shall  be 
able  in  our  mild  districts  to  grow  Apples,  possessing  qualities  fitting  them  for  ship- 
ment to  the  many  markets  opening  to  us,  all  over  the  Pacific  world,  for  this  desirable 
fruit. 

The  subject  of  Climatics  is  one  of  the  most  important  to  which  you  can  direct 
your  attention,  as  it  is  only  after  a  great  outlay  of  money  and  an  irreparable  loss  of 
time,  that  we  find  our  Vineyards  and  Peach  orchards,  which  have  been  planted 
within  sweep  of  the  fogs  and  winds  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  are,  in  a  measure,  total 
failures.  Had  this  knowledge  been  imparted  years  since  to  our  pioneers  in  horti- 
culture, so  that  they  would  have  planted  the  Apple,  Pear  and  Plum  instead,  then  the 
results  of  your  exhibition,  and  the  pecuniary  success  of  exhibitors,  would  tell  a  far 
more  satisfactory  story.  Again,  when  we  leave  the  damp  atmosphere  and  fogs  of 
the  coast,  we  go  into  a  climate,  which,  throughout  the  summer,  is  one  of  endless  sun- 


10  . 

shine.  Now,  what  the  effects  of  such  a  bright  and  warm  atmosphere  may  be  on  the 
health  and  productiveness  of  orchards,  should  claim  an  important  share  of  your 
attention,  as  even  in  these  districts,  large  investments  may  continue  to  be  made  in  those 
kinds  of  fruits  which  are  not  suited  for  so  much  warm  sunshine.  Connected  with 
the  subject  of  climatology,  is  the  science  of  pruning  and  dressing  orchards  and  vine- 
yards, so  that  art  may  supply  the  deficiencies,  or  check  the  excess  of  the  light  and 
heat,  colds  or  damps  of  nature. 

It  would  greatly  facilitate  your  efforts  to  arrive  at  correct  conclusions,  if  your 
Committees,  on  their  examination  of  the  fruits  offered  for  exhibition,  would  note  the 
locality,  nature  of  the  soil,  and  mode  of  dressing  the  trees  and  vines,  adopted  by  each 
contributor.  An  elaborate  report,  which  shall  point  out  the  causes  of  the  sun-scald, 
would  do  much  to  dispel  the  fatal  error  of  high,  open,  straggling  training,  which  so 
widely  and  injuriously  prevails  in  this  State :  for  be  it  remembered,  that  our  object 
in  this  bright  and  dry  climate  should  be  to  exclude  the  dry  air  and  light  from  the 
interior  of  the  tree,  as  the  hot  rays  of  the  sun  not  only  blister  the  fruit,  but  extract 
from  it  much  of  the  rich  vinous  juices,  its  greatest  recommendation  to  our  approval. 

It  should  be  a  source  of  pride  to  your  Society,  that  each  contributor  is  enabled  to 
annex  to  the  labels  on  his  fruit  his  name  and  locality,  free  of  all  suspicion  that  your 
Committees  would  be  influenced  in  their  awards,  because  a  knowledge  of  the  owner- 
ship might  give  a  bias  to  their  decisions,  from  personal  considerations ;  and  I  trust 
this  confidence  in  the  impartiality  of  your  Committees  may  continue  unabated,  and 
the  awards  given  to  merit  alone ;  nor  should  your  Committee  evince  a  timid  fear 
lest  they  offend,  by  pointing  out  faults  and  deficiencies  which  are  subjects  of  improve- 
ment and  remedy  hereafter.  Fairs  are  intended  to  admonish  us  of  what  we  have 
failed  to  accomplish,  as  well  as  to  testify  to  our  achievements.  All  cannot  expect  to 
receive  premiums  ;  and  it  may  be  questioned  if  the  almost  indiscriminate  distribution 
of  tokens  of  your  approbation  does  not  have  an  injurious  effect,  as  it  may  lead  some 
to  expect  marks  of  your  favor  to  which  their  indifferent  offerings  do  not  entitle  them. 
To  many  who  bring  their  offerings  to  your  tables  for  display,  the  commendations  of 
the  throngs  of  visitors  is  ample  satisfaction,  however  much  they  may  desire  and  regad 
your  medals  and  diplomas.  Much  as  your  certificates  are  esteemed,  I  doubt  if  they 
confer  the  same  benefits  on  the  recipients  as  would  the  acquisition  through  you  of 
standard  books,  treating  upon  the  subject  in  which  they  have  excelled.  I  have  been 
led  to  this  remark  by  looking  over  the  list  of  prizes  offered  at  the  ensuing  Annual 
Fair  of  the  Napa  County  Agricultural  Society,  where  many  of  the  premiums  consist 
of  books,  treating  upon  all  subjects  connected  with  the  industrial  pursuits.  The  value 
of  these  to  the  recipient  can  hardly  be  estimated.  Books  are  the  keys  to  thought, 
and  engineers  to  all  gigantic  enterprises. 

The  subject  of  drying  and  preserving  fruit  so  that  you  may  have  a  supply 
throughout  the  year,  independent  of  importations,  and  enable  you  to  become  large 
exporters,  should  command  earnest  attention,  as  the  time  is  rapidly  approaching 
when  our  population  can  consume  only  a  moiety  of  the  pomological  abundance  which 
already  is  smiling  around  us.  For  the  productiveness,  extent  of  variety,  certainty 


11 

of  crops,  and  richness  of  flavor,  no  country  can  equal  or  compare  with  the  foot-hills 
of  our  gold  regions,  and  the  great  valleys  watered  by  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento 
rivers,  in  the  growth  of  Peaches.  Information  as  to  the  best  mode  and  the  cost  of 
preserving  this  fruit  should  at  once  be  widely  disseminated  in  this  State,  so  that  our 
surplus  crops  might  be  turned  to  good  account  by  shipment  to  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  worlds.  Of  the  Plum,  it  may  be  said  it  bears  prodigiously,  whether  found 
growing  wild  on  our  high  mountains,  almost  in  the  region  of  eternal  snow,  down 
through  every  change  of  climate  to  the  tropical  climate  of  Los  Angeles.  The  Plum 
has  no  enemies  in  California,  such  as  the  curculio,  black  knot  and  rot  of  the  fruit  on 
the  trees  near  the  time  of  maturity,  which  have  become  so  disastrous  to  this  fruit  in 
Europe  and  Eastern  America  that  its  cultivation  is  rapidly  becoming  abandoned. 
Prunes  are  to  be  seen  at  your  Exhibition,  taken  from  the  tree  in  their  present  condi- 
tion, perfectly  cured,  which  will  compare  favorably  with  the  Prunes  of  commerce. 

The  planting  of  Plum  orchards  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  its  fruit  for  export 
opens  a  wide  field  for  enterprise,  owing  to  the  almost  total  destruction  of  this  fruit 
of  late  years,  by  the  causes  enumerated. 

Connected  with  the  labors  of  your  Society,  there  remains  but  one  branch  of  horti- 
culture to  be  treated  upon,  which,  for  the  variety  and  magnitude  of  interests  to  grow 
out  of  it,  is  of  most  commanding  importance,  and  destined  at  no  distant  time  to  sur- 
pass, in  all  of  its  ramifications,  the  magnitude  of  gold  mining ;  I  refer  to  wine  grow- 
ing. This  subject,  so  fruitful  of  statistical  facts  and  eloquent  dissertation,  I  can  only 
briefly  glance  at,  as  I  fear  I  have  already  taxed  your  patience  to  an  unbearable 
length  on  the  matters  to  which  I  have  already  alluded. 

Upon  the  subject  of  the  Vine,  our  people  are  most  deplorably  ignorant,  as  most  of 
them  are  from  countries  where  the  vintage  is  unknown.  The  Grape  flourishes  all 
over  California,  except  on  the  coast,  where  the  damp  fogs  and  winds  sweep  inward 
with  daily  regularity.  There  they  tire  struck  with  mildew  and  blight ;  but  as  you 
enter  the  sunny  mid  warmer  localities,  you  are  at  once  struck  by  the  change  in  the  , 
appearance  of  the  vine,  and  the  luscious  clusters  of  Grapes  growing  purple  for  the 
wine  press,  give  hopeful  evidence  that  in  this  branch  of  industry  California  will  have 
no  competitor.  Vineyards  are  being  planted  in  many  sections  of  our  State,  with 
wonderful  rapidity,  and  the  production  of  Grapes  already  far  exceeds  any  adequate 
arrangements  for  turning  its  juices  into  those  wines  and  brandies  which  are  suitable 
for  export,  or  command  sale  at  home.  Your  immediate  attention  is  required,  to 
disseminate  information  among  the  wine  makers  of  Europe,  that  they  may  learn  the 
superior  advantages  California  offers  for  the  investment  of  their  capital,  and  the  ap- 
plication of  their  experience  among  us  in  the  remunerating  enterprise.  The  Grape 
has  no  enemies  in  California,  and  during  a  cultivation  of  near  a  century  at  some  of 
the  old  Mission  vineyards  has  never  failed  to  produce  an  abundant  crop.  Statement* 
over  the  signatures  of  gentlemen  at  Los  Angeles  as  to  the  annual  value  of  the  Grape 
crop  are,  that  for  wine  making  purposes,  one  thousand  dollars  per  acre  is  a  low  esti- 
mate ;  and  when  it  is  known  that  a  fair  crop  can  be  had  three  years  after  planting 
the  cuttings,  no  one  need  be  discouraged  from  engaging  in  the  business  on  account  of 


12 

the  time  it  takes  to  repay  the  investment  made.  There  are  within  the  State,  lands 
adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  the  Vine  of  sufficient  extent  to  employ  millions  of  peo- 
ple, and  this  land  can  be  had  at  a  nominal  price,  as  much  of  it  is  beyond  the  compass 
of  Mexican  and  Spanish  grants,  being  in  the  mining  districts. 

Fair  and  abundant  as  the  Grapes  are  which  are  produced  in  our  valleys,  it  is  to 
the  hill-sides  in  the  mining  districts  that  we  shall  eventually  look  for  the  best  Grapes. 
These  lands  are  of  a  reddish  color,  composed  of  marls  and  calcareous  remains  inter- 
mixed with  sulphurets  and  volcanic  formations,  all  of  which  are  highly  favorable  to 
the  development  of  the  Grape  ;  and  what  renders  its  cultivation  a  matter  of  little 
trouble,  is  the  fact  that  artificial  water  courses  for  the  supply  of  miners  are  carried 
over  every  hill,  so  that  irrigation  is  already  provided  for.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that 
were  the  gold  mines  to  give  out  to-morrow,  the  various  canals  and  ditches,  which  have 
cost  so  many  millions  to  construct,  would  be  of  nearly  equal  value  to  irrigate  vine- 
yards, should  the  miners  turn  their  attention  to  this  branch  of  industry  instead  of  gold 
digging.  Estimating  the  number  of  actual  miners  at  forty  thousand,  among  which  to 
divide  the  gold  crop  of  sixty  millions,  it  will  be  seen  that  this  averages  to  each  man 
fifteen  hundred  dollars  as  the  result  of  his  year's  labor.  Now,  did  each  receive  this 
sum  as  a.  pro  rata  for  his  toil,  then  there  would  be  a  showing  of  individual  prosperity 
never  before  seen  in  the  statistic^  of  industrial  life.  But  it  is  an  undeniable  fact  that 
a  large  number  of  our  gold  miners  barely  make  a  subsistence,  owing  not  because 
there  are  not  inexhaustible  claims  where  a  moderate  compensation  can  be  returned, 
but  because  most  all  are  looking  for  big  strikes,  which  are  rarely  met  with.  Having 
shown  what  the  forty  thousand  miners  accomplish  at  gold  digging,  permit  me  to  pre- 
sent what  the  same  number  of  men  would  do  at  vine-dressing.  One  man  will  easily 
plant,  tend,  prune,  and  ship  to  the  wine  manufacturer  five  acres  of  Grapes.  Now 
five  acres  of  Grapes  at  prices  which  undoubted  authority  has  shown,  will  yield  one 
thousand  dollars  to  the  acre,  give  five  thousand  dollars  as  the  result  of  the  year's 
labor,  making  a  sum  total  for  forty  thousand  laborers  of  the  astonishing  sum  of  two 
hundred  millions  annually! — dethroning  your  cotton  and  gold  kings  combined,  and 
twining  around  the  temples  of  laughter-loving  Bacchus  the  imperial  diadem. 

If  the  thousands  of  men  who  have  on  a  recent  occasion  made  a  stampede  from 
California  towards  the  North  Pole  had  looked  at  the  many  enterprises,  aside  from 
gold  digging,  which  may  be  entered  with  little  capital,  except  that  best  and  most  reli- 
able of  all  capital,  willing  labor,  then  those  tales  of  individual  suffering  which  reach 
us  by  every  return  steamer  from  those  hyperborean  regions  would  never  have  record 
except  in  the  romance  of  a  trapper's  life. 

Were  the  hundreds,  yea  thousands,  who  are  fritting  away  a  lifetime  in  the  hard  en- 
deavor to  eke  out  a  shabby-genteel  existence  in  our  cities,  to  cast  about  them  and  see 
what  they  can  do,  instead  of  imploringly  asking,  "  What  can  I  do  ?"  without  ever 
going  beyond  the  narrow  precincts  of  their  metropolitan  immolation,  then  there  would 
be  less  of  the  doleful  cry  of  adversity  and  more  of  the  cheering  song  of  prosperity. 
What  though  you  have  been  reared  in  the  lap  of  luxury  and  cradled  the  pampered 
child  of  ease ;  fortune  may  have  blessed  you,  the  famished  wolf  may  never  have 


13 

crouched  at  your  door,  boundless  possession  and  fawning  sycophants  may  surround 
you,  yet  without  that  contentment  which  alone  is  derived  from  useful  employment, 
life  to  you  is  a  burthen,  and  its  realities  a  mockery  ;  for  fortune  may  be  swept  away 
by  the  devastating  elements  or  the  mutations  of  commercial  routine.  What  though 
you  should  wake  as  from  a  dream  and  find  the  gold  you  worshipped  as  a  god  become 
a  myth,  will  you  cry  out  in  your  despair,  "  What  can  I  do  ?"  Will  you,  when  fortune 
and  credit  have  become  wrecked,  hang,  specter-like  about  the  rock  on  which  you 
split,  vainly  endeavoring  to  conjure  back  the  ghost  of  a  departed  shadow,  or  will  you 
arouse  yourself  as  one  tossed  in  uneasy  slumber,  shake  off  the  effeminacy  of  the  past> 
and  go  forth  to  the  mountains  to  perform  honest  labor,  where  "  labor  is  honored  and 
respected."  Your  hands  may  be  soft  and  white,  so  that  the  pick  and  spade  first  plied 
with  feeble  stroke  burns  into  the  quivering  sinews  the  heraldry  of  labor  in  characters 
of  blood,  yet  all  these  should  be  borne  by  a  manly  spirit  rather  than  submit  to  the 
degradation  of  accepting  menial  employments,  which  alone  offer  in  cities  where 
friends  disappear  with  fortune. 

Fellow-citizens : — When  I  look  around  upon  this  intelligent  assemblage,  I  recog- 
nize many  faces  familiar  to  me  in  other  days,  when  I  had  the  pleasure  of  residing 
amongst  you.  Some  of  these  faces,  I  regret  to  observe,  wear  a  more  anxious  expres- 
sion than  of  old,  and  it  is  possible  you  have  had  fall  upon  you  the  heavy  hand  of 
adversity,  and  are  waiting  almost  hopelessly  for  something  to  turn  up.  If  this  is  the 
ease,  permit  me  to  make  a  few  suggestions  as  to  a  matter  by  which  you  may  in  good 
time  retrieve  yourself.  In  the  mining  districts,  there  are  large  bodies  of  land  suita- 
ble for  vineyards,  over  which  artificial  canals  bring  a  never  failing  supply  of  water ; 
here,  too,  gold  is  found  in  varying  richness.  This  land  can  be  had  merely  for  the 
trouble  of  occupying  it.  Now  it  is  in  the  power  of  any  one  to  reach  these  districts, 
and  stake  off  a  mining  claim  and  go  to  work.  You  may  not  make  but  a  dollar  a  day, 
but  this  will  support  you,  and  in  a  little  time  enable  you  to  fence  in  a  piece  of  land 
and  commence  planting  a  vineyard. 

Keep  on  digging  gold  to  meet  your  outlays  until  the  vineyard  comes  into  bearing. 
The  seasons  when  your  vineyard  requires  no  attention  will  enable  you  to  dig  all  the 
money  you  require.  In  this  way,  by  five  years  of  economy  and  industrious  perseve- 
rance, you  will  have  acquired  a  competence  which  a  prince  might  envy,  and  made 
you  a  home,  that 

"  Though  in  Heaven  the  trees 

Of  life  ambrosial  fruitage  bear,  and  vines 

Yield  nectar ;  though  from  off  the  boughs  each  morn 

AVe  brush  mellifluous  dews,  and  find  the  ground 

Cover'd  with  pearly  grain.     Yet  God  hath  hero 

Varied  his  bounty  so  with  new  delights 

As  may  compare  with  Heaven." 


Special  Meeting,  Sept.  4th,  1858. 

William  Daniels,  of  San  Jose",  Vice-President,  in  the  chair. 
A.  H.  Myers,  of  Alameda,  Secretary  pro  tern. 
Minutes  of  the  last  meeting  read. 


14 

After  some  remarks  by  Mr.  Osborn,  in  reference  to  membership,  and  general 
fund  of  the  Society,  it  was  moved  by  Dr.  Haile  that  the  minutes  of  last  meeting, 
;ind  all  they  refer  to,  be  adopted. 

Moved  by  Mr.  Sanford,  that  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  report  to  the 
meeting,  on  Monday  next,  at  7  P.  M.,  ten  of  the  best  varieties  of  Summer  Apples, 
twenty  of  Fall,  and  thirty  of  Winter,  to  be  discussed  ;  and  at  10  A.  M.  of  the  same 
day,  the  Society  meet  at  Mechanics'  Institute  building,  to  discuss  the  softer  fruits. 
Motion  carried.  Mr.  Fox,  Mr.  Lewelling  and  Mr.  Fountain  appointed. 

On  Soft  Fruit,  Mr.  Ryan,  Mr.  Smith  and  Mr.  Sanford. 

Adjourned  to  10  A.  M.,  Monday. 


California  Horticultural  Society  and  Fruit  Growers'  Convention. 

A  meeting  of  the  California  Horticultural  Society  was  held  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute  on  Monday,  the  6th  of  September,  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M. ;  J.  "W. 
Osborn,  of  Napa,  Vice-President,  in  the  chair ;  A.  II.  Myers,  of  Alameda,  Secre- 
tary pro  tern. 

On  presentation  of  his  credentials,  Mr.  J.  W.  Silver,  delegate  from  the  State 
Agricultural  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  was  invited  to  take  part  in  the  proceedings. 

The  chairman  stated  the  objects  of  the  meeting  to  be  the  discussion  of  all  the 
varieties  of  fruit  that  experience  had  shown  as  adapted  to  California  culture.  Also, 
the  climatic  effect  in  different  localities,  as  well  as  the  most  desirable  methods  of  cul- 
ture. As  the  immediate  discussion  would  be  on  fruits,  he  recommended  the  convention 
to  place  an  older  Pomologist  in  the  chair.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Daniels,  of  San  Jose, 
Mr.  Osborn  was  selected  chairman  of  the  convention,  which  then  proceeded  to  dis- 
cuss the  comparative  value  of  Peaches,  as  per  memoranda  laid  before  the  conven- 
tion by  a  committee  appointed  for  the  purpose.  In  the  course  of  the  discussion,  it 
was  shown  that  though  all  Peaches  appeared  to  be  desirable,  and  to  do  well  in  the 
warm  valleys  of  the  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento,  many  still  do  as  well  in  other 
localities. 

Messrs.  J.  L.  Sanford  and  M.  Ryan  submitted  the  report  on  soft  stone  fruits, 
which  was  considered,  with  the  following  results  : 

The  following  varieties  of  Peaches  were  declared  of  superior  excellence,  and  rec- 
ommended for  general  culture  :  1.  Crawford's  Early.  2.  Yellow  Rareripe.  3. 
Bergen's  Yellow.  4.  Mixon  Free.  5.  Early  York.  6.  Mixon  Cling.  7.  Stump 
the  World.  [Two  varieties  under  this  name  cultivated  in  this  State,  one  white,  the 
other  yellow  flesh,  both  highly  recommended.]  8.  Crawford's  Late.  9.  President. 
10.  Evard's  Late  Free.  11.  Fox's  Seedling.  12.  Smock's  Free.  13.  Heath 
Cling.  14.  Druid  Hill.  15.  Grosse  Mignonne.  16.  Late  Admirable.  17.  Red 
Rareripe.  18.  Morris  White. 


15 

The  following  varieties  were  recommended  as  worthy  of  further  trial :  1.  Early 
Tillotson.  2.  Early  Newington.  3.  Harkie's  Seedling.  4.  Pool's  Late  Yellow. 
5.  Lemon  Cling.  6.  Lagrange.  7.  Royale  DeMontrell.  8.  Sitzen's  Seedling. 
9.  Monstrous  Paire,  10.  Malta, 

The  following  varieties  were  only  recommended  to  amateur  culturists :  1.  George 
the  Fourth.  2.  White  Rareripe.  Meeting  adjourned, 

EVENING    SESSING — 7>a    O'CLOCK. 

J.  W.  Osborn  in  the  chair ;  W.  Wadsworth,  Secretary  of  the  Society,  present, 
Messrs.  Lewelling  and  Fox,  Committee  on  Apples  and  Pears,  submitted  a  report 
on  Apples.     The  following  varieties  of  Apples  were,  on  due  discussion,  declared 
superior,  and  recommended  for  general  cultivation : 

1.  Caroline  Red  June.  2.  Early  Harvest.  3.  Early  Strawberry.  4.  American 
Summer  Pearmain.  5.  Jonathan.  6.  Gravestine.  7.  Rambo.  8.  Smith's  Cider. 
9.  Warner.  10.  Yellow  Bellflower.  11,  William's  Favorite.  12.  Fall  Wine. 
13.  Porter.  14.  Waxen.  15.  American  Golden  Russett.  16.  White  Bellflower. 
17.  Esopus  Spitzenberg.  18.  Newtown  Spitzenberg.  19.  Yellow  Newtown  Pip- 
pin. 23.  Gloria  Mundi.  24.  Roxbury  Russett.  25.  Summer  Queen.  26.  Sweet 
Bough. 

Apples  recommended  for  further  trial  have  succeeded  well  as  far  as  tried: 
1.  Red  Astrachan.  2.  Garretson's  Early.  3.  Quarrendon.  4.  Baldwin.  5. 
Northern  Spy.  6.  Red  Cannon  Pearmain.  7.  Mother.  8.  Swaar.  9.  Westfield 
Seek-no-further.  10.  Summer  Hagloe.  11.  Summer  Queen.  12.  Fall  Beauty. 
13.  Fall  Harney.  14.  Talman  Sweet.  15.  Green  Newton  Pippin.  16.  R.  I. 
Greening.  17.  English  Russett.  18.  Wine  Sap.  19.  Talpa  Houking. 

An  Apple  grown  at  San  Jose,  called  "  Skinner's  Seedling,"  was  pronounced  ex- 
cellent, and  recommended  for  further  culture.  Meeting  adjourned. 


SECOND  DAY. 

AFTERNOON    SESSION. 

J.  W.  Osborn,  President,  in  the  chair.     A.  H.  Myers,  Secretary  pro  tern. 

Messrs.  Fox,  Fountain  and  Lewelling  made  report  on  Pears,  which  was  discussed 
with  the  following  result : 

For  general  cultivation — Fallom,  Madaline,  Bloodgood,  Dearborn's  Seedling,  Barl- 
lett,  Louise  Bon  de  Jersey,  Duchess  de  Angouleme,  Doyenne,  Boonsock,  Seckle 
Beurre  Diel,  Flemish  Beauty,  Surparse  Virgalieu,  White  Doyenne,  Beurre  Bosc 
Winter  Nelis,  Glout  Morceau,  Easter  Buerre,  Maria  Louisa,  Beurre  Ranee,  Buerre 
de  Aremberg,  Ponna,  Dunmore,  Chaumontel,  Vicar  of  Winkfield. 

For  further  trial — Tyson,  Baron  de  Aremberg,  Beurre  de  Anjou,  Fondante  dc 
Automne,  Urbaniste,  Doyeune  Sieulle,  Ananas,  Marianne,  Howell,  Henkel,  Beurre 


16 

Langulier,  Lawrence,  Winter  Butter,  Saint  Germaine,  Inconne  Van  Mons,  Beurre 
Clairgon,  Knight's  Monarch,  Leon  le  Clerc,  De  Leva!. 

Strawberries  recommended  for  general  cultivation — Longworth's  Prolific,  British 
Queen. 

Recommended  for  further  trial — Burr's  New  Pine,  Ruby,  Victoria,  Magnate, 
Captain  Cook,  Fillbasket,  Monroe  Scarlet,  Peabody's  Seedling,  Jenny  Lind. 

Raspberries — Fastolff,  Red  Antwerp,  Yellow  Antwerp,  Knevet's  Giant,  Franconia. 

Blackberries — Lawton  Blackberry,  Dorchester. 

Gooseberries — Houghton's  Seedling,  White  Smith,  Roaring  Lion,  Crown  Bob, 
Golden  Seal,  Favorite,  Round  Green,  Achilles. 

Plums  for  general  cultivation — Smith's  Orleans,  Bradshaw,  Jefferson,  Washington, 
Imperial  Gage,  Blue  Damson,  Coe's  Golden  Drop,  Yellow  Magnum  Bonum,  Ger- 
man Prince,  Columbia,  White  Magnum  Bonum,  Lombard,  Prince's  Yellow  Gage, 
Green  Gage,  Early  Golden  Drop,  Lawrence's  Favorite. 

For  further  trial — Prince  Claude,  Violet,  Boston  Imperatrice,  Duane's  Purple, 
Schenectady  Catharine,  EcLaughlin,  Drap  de  Or,  Cruger's  Scarlet. 

Figs  for  general  cultivation — California  Purple,  Brown  Turkey,  White  Mar- 
seilles, St.  Michaels. 

For  further  trial — White  Ischia. 

Grapes — Black  Hamburg,  Wilmot's  Black  Hamburg,  Catawba,  California  Mis- 
sion, Black  Cluster,  Violet  Chasselas,  McReady,  Early  White,  Jocelyn  or  St.  Albans, 
Victoria  Hamburg,  Chasselas  Fontainbleau,  White  Muscat,  of  Alexandria ;  Canon 
Hall  Muscat  (for  some  localities.) 

Currants  for  general  cultivation — Cherry,  Red  Dutcli  (true)  Victoria. 

Further  trial — Gondonin  Red,  White  Grape,  Fertile  de  Pallieu,  Champagne  Red, 
Black  English. 

Apricots  for  general  cultivation — Early  Golden,  Moorpark,  Hemskirke. 

Further  trial — Royal  Peach,  Turkey. 

Nectarines  for  general  cultivation — Downton,  Elruge,  New  White  Early  Violet. 

Further  trial — Stanwick. 

Discussion  on  fruits  being  closed,  Convention  adjourned  to  7^  P.  M.,  at  which 
time  the  subject  of  climatic  effect,  and  culture  in  different  localities  was  taken  up. 

EVENING    SESSION. 

The  Convention  had  full  representation  from  all  districts  but  the  San  Joaquin  and 
upper  Sacramento ;  the  discussion  spirited  and  at  length,  particularly  so  when  some 
of  the  old  time-honored  favorites  were  proved  to  be  poor  emigrants.  Some  of  these 
were  found  subject  to  rot;  others  were  obstinately  shy  bearers,  in  some  localities — 
from  this  cause,  and  the  great  range  of  climate  in  our  fruit-growing  regions,  the  lists 
were  all  somewhat  extended  —  a  modification  of  which  may  be  made  whenever  ex- 
perience shall  have  been  sufficient  to  warrant  safe  recommendations  for  particular 
localities. 


17 

COMMITTEE  ON  FRUITS  GENERALLY. 

Wilson  Flint,  Chairman ;  G.  W.  Fountain,  W.  Wadsworth,  J.  S.  Silver. 

The  Committee  find  the  task  of  deciding  upon  the  merits  of  fruits,  in  so  extensive 
a.  collection,  very  greatly  incumbered  by  the  general  excellence  of  all  the  specimens 
exhibited.  Scarcely  an  apple  could  be  picked  up  that  was  not  admirable  for  it? 
healthy  growth ;  and  the  choice  lay  generally  between  shades  only  of  difference. 
The  Committee  has  consequently  given  the  fullest  attention,  and  the  greatest  deliber- 
ation to  the  examination. 

The  Committee  award 

Fruits — For  the  best  display,  embracing  the  largest  collection  of  the  best  varieties, 
F.  W.  Macondray,  San  Mateo,  $35.  Second  best ;  J.  W.  Osborn,  Oak  Knoll,  Napa, 
$25.  Third  best ;  A.  Delmas,  San  Jose,  $15. 

COMMITTEE  ON  APPLES. 

J.  S.  Silver,  Chairman ;  W.  Fountain,  Wilson  Flint,  W.  Wadsworth. 

Apples — Largest  and  best  collection  of  best  varieties,  J.  W.  Osborn,  Napa,  $25. 
Second  best,  Daniel  Gibb,  San  Francisco,  $15.  Third  best,  L.  B.  Lathrop,  Santa 
Clara,  $8.  Best  specimens — special  premium — summer  apples,  John  Lewelling,  San 
Lorenzo,  $5.  Autumn  apples,  Dr.  H.  Haile,  Alameda,  $5.  Winter  apples,  J.  W. 
Osborn,  Napa,  $5. 

The  Committee  finds  itself  embarrassed  to  make  decision  among  the  three  seasoii- 
able  kinds ;  and  they  report,  advising  an  equal  premium  to  each.  They  would  rec- 
ommend hereafter,  that  the  place  of  growth,  soil,  manner  of  treatment  (by  irrigation 
or  not)  time  of  ripening,  age  of  tree,  quality  as  a  bearer,  &c.,  be  given  by  the  exhibiter. 

It  may  be  observed  that,  in  making  decision  on  winter  Apples,  many  varieties 
which  are  winter  Apples  in  New  England,  are  scarcely  more  than  a  fall  Apple  in 
California.  This  remark  applies  to  the  largest  number  of  the  late  winter  varieties 
on  exhibition.  The  Committee  have  selected  the  (No.  22)  "  Northern  Spy"  as  bet- 
ter combining  all  the  qualities  desirable,  than  any  other,  viz :  flavor,  keeping,  &c. 
They  recommend  to  notice  the  Ribstone  Pippin  (No.  2)  and  the  white  winter  Pear- 
main  (No.  6.)  The  summer  apples  being  out  of  season,  the  Committee  had  but  few 
varieties  before  them  ;  this  fact  should  be  noted !  The  best  summer  apple  was 
probably  not  there. 

COMMITTEE  ON  PEARS. 

M.  Ryan,  Chairman  ;  Wilson  Flint,  G.  W.  Fountain,  J.  S.  Silver. 

Pears — Largest  and  best  collection,  J.  W.  Osborn,  Napa,  $25.  Second  best,  A. 
Delmas,  San  Jose,  $15.  Third  best,  John  Lewelling,  San  Lorenzo,  $8.  Best  spe- 
cimens— special  premium — L.  A.  Gould,  San  Jose,  $4. 

So  many  Pears  had  by  lapse  of  time  lost  the  flavor  peculiar  to  their  species,  that 
it  was  difficult  for  the  Committee  to  make  satisfactory  judgment,  as  between  speci- 
mens of  the  same  varieties. 
2 


18 

The  Committee  recommend  to  special  notice  as  worthy  of  a  premium,  4  specimens 
of  Dutchess  D'Angouleme,  grown  without  irrigation,  by  C.  Crocker,  Sacramento; 
united  \v<  ight  of  the  four  pears,  6  pounds,  8  ounces — $4. 

The  display  of  pears  is  in  great  variety,  and  exhibits  proof  sufficient  of  the  adap- 
tation of  every  species  to  our  climate.  To  make  note  of  all  that  are  worthy  of  men- 
tion, would  be  little  else  than  a  full  catalogue  of  every  collection  in  the  exhibition. 
We  would,  however,  remark  on  a  sample  of  pears  exhibited  by  J.  C.  White,  grown 
here  in  San  Francisco,  fifty-six  upon  a  tree  seven  feet  high.  So  successful  a  culture 
in  this  locality,  will  give  additional  inducement  to  adorn  the  suburban  homes  of  our 


COMMITTEE  ON  PEACHES,  OTHER  FRUITS  AND  PRODUCTIONS. 

James  L.  Burtis,  Chairman  ;  G.  W.  Fountain,  J.  S.  Silver,  M.  Ryan. 

Your  Committee  on  a  careful  examination  of  the  peaches  on  exhibition,  find  that 
though  the  display  would,  in  any  other  country  than  California,  be  deemed  exceed- 
ingly fine,  yet  they  miss  a  large  number  of  the  finest  varieties.  This  can  only  be 
attributed  to  the  lateness  of  the  season,  as  it  should  be  kept  in  mind  always  in  pass- 
ing upon  the  merits  of  fruits  in  California,  that  the  same  varieties  ripen  at  least  a 
month  earlier  than  at  the  East,  We  make  mention  of  this  here  that  it  may  not  ap- 
pear to  those  who  have  been  accustomed  to  see  the  finest  peaches  in  September,  that 
we  are  attempting  an  apology.  So  far  from  this  is  our  wish,  that  we  challenge  the 
world  to  produce  a  finer  display  of  this  delicious  fruit  than  your  Society's  tables  and 
the  markets  of  the  city  present;  the  number  of  distinct  varieties  on  exhibition  being 
thirty-seven,  and  all  excellent,  a  large  number  of  specimens  weighing  over  a  half 
pound  each.  Among  the  collections  and  specimens  on  exhibition,  remarkable  for 
their  size  and  great  beauty,  were  those  of  Daniel  Gibb,  of  Napa,  J.  W.  Osborn,  of 
Napa,  and  A.  Smith  of  Sacramento  ;  and  it  was  wilh  great  difficulty  that  your  Com- 
mittee arrived  at  the  conclusion,  as  to  which  was  the  best.  But  being  confined  to 
the  letter  of  the  wording  of  the  premium  list,  awarding  the  first  premium  to  "  the 
largest  and  best  collection,"  your  Committee  feel  compelled  to  make  the  following 
award : 

Peaches — Largest  and  best  collection,  Daniel  Gibb,  Napa,  $15.  Second  best,  J. 
W.  Osborn,  Napa,  $12.  Third  best,  A.  P.  Smith,  Sacramento,  $8.  Best  specimens 
— special  premium — Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  San  Jose,  $4.  Best  new  variety  of 
Native  Seedling  Peaches,  P.  L.  Weimar,  Coloma,  $10.  Second  best,  W.  McPher- 
son  Hill,  Sonoma,  $8. 

Nectarines  —  Largest  and  best  collection,  John  Lewelling,  San  Lorenzo,  $8. 
Second  best,  White  &  Kelsey,  Oakland,  $4. 

Plum? — Largest  and  best  collection,  Dr.  II.  Ilaile,  Alameda,  $10.  Second  best, 
E.  W.  Case,  Santa  Clara,  $8.  Best  specimens — special  premium — M.  Schollenber- 
ger,  San  Jose,  $4. 

The  Committee  find  the  tables  covered  with  grapes  grown  in  the  open  air,  that  in 


19 

the  Atlantic  States  are  confined  exclusively  to  hot-house  culture,  and  which,  in  size, 
perfection  of  berry,  shouldering,  and  weight  of  cluster,  give  the  best  evidence  that 
this  climate  is  the  home  of  the  grape.  A.  Delmas,  of  San  Jose,  shows  decidedly 
the  best  collection  and  largest  number  of  varieties,  all  ripened  to  a  high  state  of  per- 
fection. 

C.  51.  Weber,  of  Stockton,  makes  the  second  best  exhibit,  showing  the  full  effects 
of  the  sandy  soil  and  warmer  climate  of  that  vicinity.  Mr.  Osborn,  of  Napa,  makes 
the  third  best  display,  though  not  yet  as  fully  ripened  as  the  two  preceding  collections. 

The  Committee  have  thus  passed  upon  grapes  from  three  widely  distant  sections 
of  country,  differing  alike  in  soil  and  climate,  and  yet  all  in  the  fullest  perfection. 

W.  McP.  Hill,  of  Sonoma,  exhibits  specimens  that  we-  pronounce  extra  fine.  S. 
Thompson,  of  Suscol  Nurseries,  exhibits  sixteen  varieties — superb  collection.  R. 
W.  Washburn,  Shell  Mound,  a  splendid  exhibit  of  Chasselas  Fontainbleau.  W.  M. 
Lent,  Santa  Clara,  four  fine  varieties.  L.  A.  Gould,  Santa  Clara,  two  varieties. 
William  O'Domiell,  San  Jose,  four  varieties;  and  L.  Pellier,  San  Jose,  four  varieties. 

F.  \V.  Macondray,  of  San  Mateo,  shows  foreign  grapes  grown  under  glass,  to  a 
perfection,  we  have  never  before  seen  equalled.  The  Cannon  Hall  Muscat  were  of 
a  size  and  beauty  that  attracted  every  observer;  and  to  him  was  awarded  the  first 
premium  for  grapes  grown  under  glass. 

Your  Committee  award  as  follows: 

Foreign  Grapes — Largest  and  best  collection  grown  in  open  air,  A.  Delmas,  San 
Jose,  $20.  Second  best,  C.  M.  Weber,  Stockton,  $14.  Third  best,  J.  W.  Osborn, 
Napa,  $8.  Best  specimens — special  premium — A.  Delmas,  San  Jose,  $4.  Grown 
under  ^lass,  largest  and  best  collection,  F.  W.  Macondray,  San  Francisco,  $20.  Best 
specimens — special  premiums — F.  W.  Macondray,  San  Francisco. 

California  Grapes — Best  exhibit,  C.  M.  Weber,  Stockton,  $3.  Second  best,  W. 
M.  Lent,  Santa  Clara,  $4.  Best  specimens — special  premium — C.  M.  Weber, 
Stockton,  $3. 

Cherries — Best  collection,  in  bottles,  S.  Thompson,  Suscol,  $5. 

Quinces — Best  and  largest  collection,  J.  Merrill,  Sa  :ramento,  $5. 

Strawberries — Largest  collection,  and  best  varieties,  D.  E.  Hough,  Oakland,  $12. 
Second  best,  R.  W.  Washburn,  Shell  Mound,  $8.  Best  specimens — special  prem- 
ium— A.  Crochet,  San  Francisco,  §1. 

Raspberries — Best  collection,  D.  E.  Hough,  Oakland,  $5.  Second,  best,  A.  H. 
Myers,  Alameda,  $8. 

California  Oranges — Best  exhibit,  James  O'Donnell,  San  Francisco,  $5.  Second 
best,  ,J.  A.  Hobart,  Lee's  Garden,  $3. 

Figs — Best  exhibit,  California  growth,  C.  M.  Weber,  Stockton,  $8. 

Pomegranates — Best  exhibit,  California  growth,  M.  G.  Valk-jo,  Sonoma,  $4. 

Almond.s — Best  collection,  J.  Lewelling,  San  Lorenzo,  $8.  Second  best,  li.  W. 
Wa-hburn,  Shell  Mound,  s  I. 

Preserved  Fruits,  in  cans  or  bottles — Largest  and  best  collection,  A.  P.  Smith 
Sacramento,  §8.  Second  best,  S.  Thompson,  Suscol,  §5. 


20 

Dried  Fruits — Best,  Dr.  Haile,  Alameda;  recommended  for  premium,  $4. 

Brandy  Peaches — C.  Peebles,  $3. 

Raspberry  and  Strawberry  Jams — Mrs.  S.  Loring,  San  Francisco,  $3. 

Preserved  California  Nutmegs — William  Lent,  San  Francisco,  $3. 

Currant  Jelly — John  Levelling,  San  Lorenzo,  S3. 

Superior  Strawberry  Cordial — C.  Peebles,  $3. 

Honey — Best  specimen,  B.  S.  Fox  &,  Co.,  San  Jose,  $3.  Second  best,  C.  Rum- 
rill,  San  Francisco. 

The  Committee  would  make  mention  as  worthy  of  special  notice,  a  plate  of  Smyrna 
Figs,  exhibited  by  J.  Morrill,  of  Sacramento.  In  connection,  we  subjoin  the  fol- 
lowing : 

Executive  Committee  of  California  Horticultural  Society : 

GENTLEMEN: — Should  your  Committeee  on  Fruits  notice  the  Smyrna  Figs,  ex- 
hibited by  me,  they  will  please  bear  in  mind,  that  the  fruit  begins  to  ripen  the  last 
of  June,  and  continues  to  produce  fruit  till  the  first  of  November.  Of  the  larger 
specimens  produced,  four  will  weigh  a  pound.  My  practice  is  to  pull  the  ripe  fruit 
every  other  day.  I  consider  them  an  excellent  variety. 

Respectfully  yours, 

JESSE  MORRILL. 

Earth  Almonds,  exhibited  by  D.  E.  Hough,  of  Oakland,  though  not  on  the  pub- 
lished list  for  premium,  are  recommended  to  notice,  because  the  Committee  believe 
they  will  serve  as  food  for  swine,  equal  to  the  beechnut  of  the  Western  States,  and 
in  this  country,  where  mast  (or  as  the  Ohioan  calls  it,  "shack,")  is  scarce,  a  sub- 
stitute like  this  obtains  additional  value.  It  appears  that  when  once  planted,  the 
hog  may  harvest  it,  and  always  leave  enough  for  its  perennial  reproduction. 

COMMITTEE  ON  VEGETABLES. 

The  Committee  on  Vegetables  having  carefully  examined  the  various  products 
presented  to  their  notice,  beg  leave  to  present  the  following  report : 

The  Committee  being  confined  to  merely  reporting  upon  the  best  exhibitions  of 
the  produce  of  our  soil,  without  the  authority  of  awarding  the  corresponding  prem- 
iums, find  it  difficult  to  present  to  the  Society  the  actual  comparative  merits  of  the 
articles  before  them. 

In  most  of  the  articles  of  necessity,  and  consequently  of  real  worth,  there  is  but 
'ittle  competition,  and  the  Committee  have  been  obliged  to  report  as  "  best  exhibits  " 
many  articles  of  ordinary  value — articles  that  find  their  superior  almost  any  day  in 
our  markets  of  San  Francisco. 

The  various  and  genial  climate,  and  generous  soil  of  our  State,  opens  a  boundless 
field  of  enterpri.-e  to  the  farmer  and  gardener,  so  that  we  are  able  to  supply  our  own 
markets  with  most  articles  of  prime  necessity,  and  have  remaining  a  large  surplus; 
and  we  suggest  and  hope  that  the  exhibitions  of  another  year  will  find  such  an  array 


21 

of  the  products  of  the  earth  as  will  not  only  be  flattering  and  gratifying  to  all  Cali- 
fornians;  but  will  claim  the  respect  and  admiration  of  the  world: 

Garden  Vegetables — The  largest  and  best  collections,  D.  L.  Perkins,  of  Ala- 
meda,  $10. 

Cauliflowers — Best  exhibit,  D.  L.  Perkins,  Alameda,  $4. 

Beets — Best  exhibit,  two  varieties,  J.  R.  Robb,  of  Alameda,  $4. 

Hops — Best  exhibit,  Dr.  Haile,  of  Alameda,  $5.  A  fine  exhibit  on  the  vine,  and 
one  bag  of  excellent  hops,  A.  Bushnell,  of  Green  Valley,  $3. 

Sugar  Cane — Best  exhibit,  Daniel  Gibb,  of  Suscol,  $8.  Second  best,  R.  W 
Washburn,  Shell  Mound,  $5. 

Squashes  and  Pumpkins — Best  exhibit,  L.  B.  Lathrop,  San  Jose,  $5.  Second 
best,  of  squashes,  six  varieties,  S.  Thompson,  of  Suscol,  $3. 

Japanese  Pears — Joshua  Childs,  of  Encinal,  $3. 

Egyptian  Pumpkins — Best  exhibit,  G.  W.  Fountain,  of  Oakland,  $3. 

Squashes,  Cantelopes,  Cucumbers  and  Pie  Melons — Fine  collection,  A.  H.  Myers, 
Alameda,  $3. 

Sweet  Corn — Best  exhibit,  D.  L.  Perkins,  of  Alameda,  $3. 

Green  Indian  Corn — Best  exhibit  (in  the  stalk,  sixteen  feet  high,)  Thomas  Parker, 
San  Joaquin,  $3. 

Sweet  Potatoes  (Carolina) — Best  exhibit,  W.  W.  and  J.  B.  Rumford,  of  Oak- 
land, $5. 

In  connection  with  this  exhibit,  Messrs.  Rumford  handed  to  the  Committee  the 
subjoined  communication: 

To  the  Committee  of  the  Horticultural  Society  on  Vegetables : 

"GENTLEMEN: — At  your  request,  we  submitted  the  following  as  our  experience  in 
the  culture  of  the  Carolina  potatoes,  two  lots  of  which  are  before  you.  One  lot  was 
dug  this  season,  and  are  but  partly  grown  ;  the  other  lot  was  dug  in  November,  1857, 
and  consequently  have  been  out  of  the  ground  ten  months. 

In  the  spring  of  1856,  we  received  from  New  Jersey  several  pounds  of  what  is 
known  as  the  'Carolina  Sweet  Potato.'  From  this  lot  we  only  succeeded  in  grow- 
ing two  small  tubers.  From  these  we  dug  in  the  autumn  about  seven  pounds  of 
potatoes,  which  we  kept  until  the  next  spring,  by  packing  in  chaff.  About  the  first 
of  March,  1857,  we  placed  the  entire  lot  in  a  hot-bed,  with  about  twelve  pounds 
received  from  the  East.  All  the  latter  rotted,  while  those  raised  here  furnished 
enough  sprouts  to  plant  about  one-tenth  of  an  acre.  This  ground  produced  about 
twelve  hundred  pounds.  They  were  piled  in  a  heap  upon  the  ground,  and  covered 
with  earth  for  one  week,  and  then  placed  in  a  loft,  about  a  foot  deep.  In  this  situa- 
tion, without  further  care,  they  kept  sound  until  the  spring  of  1858,  when,  during 
the  month  of  March,  they  were  put  in  a  hot-bed;  the  slips  were  removed  to  the  field 
in  May.  We  have  now  growing  about  twelve  acres,  looking  better  than  they  did 
last  year,  and  we  are  confident  they  will  produce  one  hundred  sacks  to  the  acre." 

Beans— Best  exhibit,  D.  E.  Hough,  of  Oakland,  $3. 


22 

Cabbages — Best  exhibit,  Cummings  &  Swan,  San  Francisco.  Best  collection,  D. 
E.  Hough,  Oakland,  $3. 

Irish  Potatoes — Best  exhibit,  D.  E.  Hough,  Oakland,  $3. 

Cucumbers — Best  exhibit,  D.  E.  Hough,  Oakland,  $3. 

Tomatoes — Best  exhibit,  G.  W.  Fountain,  Oakland,  $3.  Second  best,  W.  W.  & 
J.  B.  Rumford,  Oakland,  $2. 

Chinese  Yams  (diascoria  iotaft's)— Best  exhibit,  D.  E.  Hough,  Oakland,  $2. 

Pie  Melon — Best  exhibit,  Dr.  H.  Haile,  Alameda,  $4.  Second  best,  S.  Thomp- 
son, Suscol,  $3.  Fine  exhibit,  L.  A.  Gould,  Santa  Clara,  $2. 

Orange  Water  Melon — Best  exhibit,  S.  Thompson,  Suscol,  $3.  Second  best,  C. 
Appleton,  Oakland,  $2. 

Musk  Melon — Best  exhibit,  G.  W.  Fountain,  Oakland,  $3.  Largest  variety,  C. 
Appleton,  Oakland,  $3. 

Pie  Plant,  seedling — Best  sample,  T.  D.  Woolsey,  Oakland,  $3.  Mammoth,  best 
exhibit,  Mr.  Bailey,  Brooklyn,  $3. 

Celery — Best  exhibit,  Curaraings  &  Swan,  San  Francisco. 

Ruta  Baga— Best  sample,  C.  Parrott,  $3. 

Egg  Plant — Best  exhibit,  Cummings  &  Swan,  San  Francisco. 

Garden  Seeds — Best  exhibit,  D.  L.  Perkins,  Alameda,  $8.  Second  best,  D.  E. 
Hough,  Oakland,  $4. 

Sun  Flowers — Best  exhibit,  A.  II.  Myers,  Alameda,  $3.  Second  best,  Annie  and 
Charlie  Tappan,  Alameda,  $2. 

Hemp — Samples  of  two  acres,  J.  B.  Manny,  San  Jose,  $8. 

Broom  Corn— Extra  sample,  C.  W.  &  G.  W.  Armes,  $8. 

Tobacco — Best  exhibit,  T.  Ellsworth,  $8.  Second  best,  by  an  inmate  of  the 
Insane  Asylum,  Stockton,  $4. 

COMMITTEE  ON  WINES. 

The  Committee  appointed  by  the  Horticultural  Society  to  determine  the  relative 
merits  of  the  native  wines  and  brandies,  submitted  at  the  exhibition  held  in  San 
Francisco,  in  the  month  of  September,  1858,  in  order  to  ensure  a  thorough  impar- 
tiality of  judgment,  as  well  as  to  impart  satisfaction  to  the  exhibiters,  first  caused  all 
brands,  labels,  and  distinguishing  marks,  to  be  removed  from  the  bottles  under  inspec- 
tion, and,  in  lieu  thereof,  substituted  marks  in  cipher,  the  key  whereof  was  in  the 
sole  possession  of  the  chairman,  who  for  such  reason  abstained  from  any  expression 
of  opinion  upon  the  respective  wines. 

Specimens  of  wines  and  brandies,  "the  product  of  California  grapes,  and  manu- 
factured in  the  State,  free  from  adulteration,"  were  presented  as  follows : 

George  Thacher  &  Co.,  San  Francisco— Red  Wine,  1857. 

Kohler,  Frohling  &  Bauck,  San  Francisco— White  Wine,  1857;  Red  Wine, 
1856;  White  Wine,  1856  and  1857;  Port  Wine,  1856;  Angelica  Wine,  1857; 
Grape  Brandy,  1856;  Home  Made,  No.  1,  (no  date;  Home  Made,  No.  2,  (no  date.) 


23 

M.  G.  Vallejo,  Sonoma — Sonoma  Red  Wine,  (no  date) ;  Sonoma  White  Wine, 
(no  date.) 

Dr.  T.  J.  White,  Los  Angeles— ".Clara  Linda  "  Red  Wine,  (no  date) ;  "  Clara 
Linda"  White  Wine,  (no  date.) 

L.  Pellier,  San  Jose — "  Black  Cluster  Grape,"  (no  date.) 

L.  A.  Gould— White  Wine— Hock— (no  date.) 

Sainsevain  Bros.,  San  Francisco — White  Wine,  1855,  '56,  '57  ;  Angelica  Wine, 
1857;  Sparkling  Wine,  1857;  Brandy  (uncolored),  1857. 

The  attendance  of  all  the  undersigned  being  first  had,  their  examination  upon  the 
first  day  was  confined  to  the  white  wines  exhibited,  and  the  Committee  havotthe 
gratification  of  saying,  that  both  in  the  number  of  varieties  produced,  and  the  excel- 
lence of  some  of  the  wines,  a  marked  improvement  is  manifested  over  the  exhibi- 
tions of  former  years.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  in  certain  samples  the  bottles  had 
been  so  badly  corked  that  the  wine  had  become  pricked,  or  soured,  (evidently  by  tht* 
admission  of  air,)  and  that,  consequently,  the  condemnation  by  the  Committee  necet- 
sarily  followed,  and  no  opinion  of  the  merits  of  the  wine  in  a  sound  state  was  attain- 
able. Especially  was  this  the  case  with  the  depositors  whose  display  included  but 
a  single  bottle  of  each  variety.  Had  their  stock  on  exhibition  been  greater,  bottles 
of  good  wine  might  have  been  found,  and  the  Committee  have  had  the  pleasure  of 
reporting  favorably  upon  the  article. 

The  action  and  result  of  the  Committee  have  been  most  harmonious  and  unani- 
mous, and  their  award  for  superiority  in  the  manufacture  of  white  wine  is  in  favor  of 
Messrs.  Sainsevain  Brothers,  of  San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles,  for  the  best  white 
wine  of  the  vintage  of  1856.  To  Messrs.  Kohler,  Frohling  &  Bauck,  of  the  same 
place,  the  distinction  of  having  produced  the  second  best  wine  is  due,  although  the 
article  is  of  younger  production,  being  of  the  vintage  of  18 57.  These  wines  are 
pronounced  sound  and  pure  in  their  vinous  ingredients,  possessing  all  the  qualifica- 
tions of  a  popular  and  wholesome  beverage,  and  only  lacking  age,  and  the  improve- 
ments which  may  naturally  be  anticipated  in  their  manufacture  in  coming  years,  to 
give  them  a  character  equal  to  many  of  the  European  wines  now  in  such  general 
use  in  the  United  States. 

The  Committee  are  of  opinion  that  great  benefits  will  result  to  both  the  white 
and  red  wines  by  the  engrafting  upon  our  native  stocks  some  of  the  varieties  that 
are  most  esteemed  abroad.  Experience  has  demonstrated  that  certain  foreign  grape* 
are  especially  adapted  for  the  soil  and  climate  of  California,  and  the  success  of  some 
of  our  most  enterprising  growers  in  the  production  of  the  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
should  stimulate  the  proprietors  of  our  extensive  vineyards  in  the  south,  to  make  the 
experiment. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  we  have  a  virgin  soil  and  a  native  grape,  and  that  it 
is  only  by  procreation  of  varieties  that  the  highest  excellence  in  our  fruit  can  be 
attained.  The  disease  which  has  attacked  the  grape  in  Madeira,  and  certain  por- 
tions of  Europe,  while  mysterious  in  its  origin,  leads  many  of  the  most  thoughtful 


24 

and  skilful  of  those  engaged  in  the  wine  culture  to  direct  their  attention  to  the 
United  States,  as  a  field  in  which  remuneration  of  labor  in  this  department  can  be 
obtained,  and  an  increasing  demand  for  consumption  be  best  supplied;  meanwhile 
the  over-tasked  soil  of  many  centuries  occupated  abroad  may  absorb  fresh  powers 
of  nutrition.  It  is,  therefore,  a  consideration  of  the  highest  importance  of  growers 
to  enter  into  competition  for  the  production  of  varieties,  and  determine  which  are 
most  excellent  in  quality  and  adaptation  for  the  production  of  wine.  At  present  we 
are  confined  to  a  single  species.  The  success  of  Mr.  Longworth,  of  Ohio,  in  manu- 
facturing a  champagne  from  the  native  grape,  has  been  happily  imitated  by  Messrs. 
Sainsevain  Brothers,  whose  sparkling  California  is  already  a  favorite,  and,  in  the 
judgment  of  your  Committee,  eminently  entitled  to  special  notice.  Their  wine  is 
pure,  vinous,  fruity,  and,  as  they  believe,  free  from  the  adulterative  processes  that 
characterize  many  of  the  so-called  foreign  champagnes  with  which  the  United  States 
are  flooded.  They  notice  a  marked  improvement  in  its  flavor  and  character  since  it 
was  first  offered  to  the  pubiic,  and  anticipate  that  marked  advantages  will  result  from 
increase  of  its  age. 

In  red  wines,  it  is  the  pleasing  duty  of  the  Committee  to  note  an  improvement  in 
the  specimens  of  the  present  exhibition. 

The  wine  submitted  by  Gen.  M.  G.  Vallejo,  of  Sonoma,  has  won  the  approval  of 
the  undersigned,  being  pure  in  quality,  of  a  fine  ruby  color,  and  more  nearly  ap- 
proaching the  claret,  or  Bordeaux  wine  of  France,  than  any  other  production.  They 
place  it  in  the  first  class  of  Red  Wines,  and  award  the  second  best  to  specimens  sub- 
mitted by  Messrs.  Kohler,  Frohling  &  Bauck,  who  have  also  received  the  distinction 
of  having  produced  superior  wines  known  as  Port  and  Angelica. 

The  former  wine  has,  however,  scarcely  yet  attained  the  distinguishing  traits  of 
Port,  although  resembling  it  more  than  any  other  class  of  wines.  The  Angelica, 
from  its  excessive  fruitiness,  is  more  of  a  cordial  than  a  wine. 

A  premium  having  been  offered  for  the  largest  and  best  varieties  of  Wines,  the 
Committee  has  awarded  it  to  Messrs.  Kohler,  Frohling  &  Bauck,  as  the  number  of 
kinds  exhibited  surpassed  that  of  any  other  depositors.  To  the  same  gentlemen 
they  award  a  premium  for  the  best  native  Brandy. 

A  sample  of  Currant  Wine,  from  Mr.  S.  Thompson,  of  Suscol,  was  very  favor- 
ably regarded,  and  deserves  honorable  mention,  although  the  cultivation  of  that  fruit 
can  scarcely  be  stimulated  to  an  extent  to  render  its  production  for  purposes  of  wine 
culture  a  matter  of  profit. 

The  Committee  regret  that  greater  competition  among  producers  and  manufac- 
turers was  not  displayed.  Some  very  prominent  wine  growers  failed  to  place  speci- 
mens of  their  produce  in  the  Exhibition,  although  the  deserved  favor  that  has  been 
bestowed  in  public  and  in  private  upon  their  manufactures  would  justify  them  in 
competing  with  their  neighbors. 

In  conclusion,  the  undersigned  would  congratulate  those  engaged  in  wine  culture, 
and  the  citizens  of  our  State,  upon  the  encouraging  prospects  of  so  important  a 


25 

branch  of  enterprise.  Its  great  value  can  scarcely  be  overestimated,  and  there  are 
those  who  think  that  the  vine  will  yet  prove  a  formidable  rival  of  the  precious  metal, 
that  first  brought  California  into  prominence,  and  that  the  sunny  fields  of  its  valleys 
will  equally  invite  the  sons  of  labor,  and  reward  their  industry,  as  the  more  rugged 
slopes  and  canons  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  developing  their  mineral  treasures.  A 
visit  to  the  wine  vaults,  in  this  city,  of  the  Messrs.  Sainsevain  and  of  Mr.  Kohler's 
firm,  will  sensibly  impress  the  observer  with  an  idea  of  the  extensive  domestic  trade 
already  opened,  and  excite  thoughtful  anticipations  of  the  future,  when  the  resources 
that  California  possesses  shall  have  been  more  fully  developed,  and  assisted  by  skill, 
experience,  and  an  increasing  population. 

It  may  be  that  we  may  yet  see  California  constructing  her  fleet  of  clippers  to  bear 
to  foreign  shores  the  produce  of  her  vineyards,  and  in  an  age  subsequent  to  our  own, 
distinguished,  less  as  a  gold  bearing  country,  than  as  the  seat  where  the  vine,  the  fig, 
the  olive,  and  kindred  fruits,  attain  their  greatest  excellence,  and  contribute  most 
largely  to  the  prosperity  and  commercial  importance  of  the  land. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Wines,  etc. — Largest  and  best  varieties,  Kohler,  Frohling  &  Bauck,  $25 ;  se- 
cond best,  Sainsevain  Bros.,  $15.  Best  Sparkling,  Sainsevain  Bros.,  $15 ;  second 
best,  none.  Best  White,  vintage  1856,  Sainsevain  Bros.,  $15  ;  second  best,  vintage 
1857,  Kohler  &  Co.,  $12.  Best  Red,  M.  G.  Vallejo,  $12;  second  best,  Kohler  & 
Co.,  $8.  Best  Port,  Kohler  &  Co.,  $12;  second  best,  none.  Best  Angelica,  Koh- 
ler &  Co.,  $8  ;  second  best,  Sainsevain  Bros.,  $5.  Best  Brandy,  Kohler  &  Co.,  $12  ; 
second  best,  Sainsevain  Bros.,  $8.  Currant  Wine,  S.  Thompson,  $12. 

J.  P.  HAVEN,  Chairman. 

SAMUEL  PURDY, 

H.  HENTSCH, 

A.  PAVILLIER, 

A.  CASSELLI, 

F.  MARTIN, 

T.  A.  BARRY. 


COMMITTEE  ON  PLANTS  AND  FLOWERS. 

Col.  C.  M.  Weber,  B.  S.  Fox,  John  Donald. 

Your  Committee,  on  careful  examination,  recommend  the  following  awards: 

Plants  and  Flowers— Largest  and  best  collection  of  Pot  Plants,  W.  C.  Walker, 
Golden  Gate  Nursery,  San  Francisco,  $25.  Second  best,  Reimer  &  O'Hara,  Cal- 
ifornia Nursery,  San  Francisco,  $15. 

Roses — Largest  and  best  collection,  II.  A.  Sonntag,  Mission  Dolores,  $15.  Se- 
cond best— W.  C.  Walker,  Golden  Gate  Nursery,  $12. 

Best  Floral  Design— W.  C.  Walker,  Golden  Gate  Nursery,  $20. 


26 

Best  Vase  Bouquet — Rcimer  &  O'Hara,  $15.  Second  best  W.  C.  Walker,  Gol- 
den Gate  Nursery,  $8. 

Best  Floral  Wreath — L.  Provost,  San  Jose,  $12. 

Your  Committee  beg  to  recommend  a  special  premium  to  Mr.  Wm.  O'Donnell,  of 
San  Francisco,  for  his  exertions  and  enthusiasm  in  bringing  forward  his  splendid 
evergreens  and  shrubs  of  California  growth ;  also  for  his  generous  efforts  in  deco- 
rating the  horticultural  and  mechanical  department  with  his  magnificent  collection 
of  rare  and  beautiful  Pot  Plants,  $20. 

The  Committee  would  also  recommend  an  award  of  a  special  premium  to  Mr. 
James  Ilutchinson,  of  Alameda,  for  his  beautiful  and  splendidly  grown  specimens  of 
phaseohis  carocolus  and  rochea  falcata,  both  new  and  rare  in  California  collec- 
tions, $5. 

The  undersigned,  in  justice  to  Col.  C.  M.  Weber,  of  Stockton,  for  his  enthusiasm 
and  exertions  in  bringing  forward  so  much  that  is  new  and  rare  in  the  floral  world* 
including  his  beautiful  specimens  of  the  flowering  pomegranates,  pyramidical  asters, 
and  splendid  double  flowering  balsams,  all  grown  in  Stockton,  and  brought  from 
thence  to  beautify  your  Exhibition,  would  recommend  an  award  of  a  special  pre- 
mium, $15. 

JOH/DONALD,  }  SPecial  Committee- 

The  Executive  Committee,  in  review,  find  the  exhibitions  of  the  following  gentle- 
men of  such  rare  excellence  that  they  fully  sympathize  with  the  Examining  Com- 
mittee in  the  difficult  discrimination : 

To  Captain  Aram,  of  San  Jose,  for  his  fine  display  of  Apples  and  Pears,  particu- 
larly his  winter  fruits,  we  award  a  special  premium,  $10. 

W.  Shurtzer,  of  San  Jose,  the  "pioneer  fruit  grower,"  for  his  fine  display,  a 
special  premium,  $8. 

E.  W.  Case,  of  Santa  Clara,  also  a  special  premium,  $8. 

James  L.  Burtis,  of  the  Laurel  Farm,  San  Jose,  shows  31  varieties  of  Apples,  all 
good,  a  special  premium,  $10. 

R.  W.  Washburn,  of  Shell  Mound,  shows  19  varieties  of  Pears,  all  good,  a  special 
premium,  $10. 

John  Lewelling,  of  San  Lorenzo,  shows  beautiful,  high  colored  Apples,  Pears,  and 
other  fruits;  for  his  excellent  display  we  award  a  special  premium,  $15. 

White  &  Kelsey,  of  Oakland,  on  Raspberries ;  also,  a  very  fine  exhibit  of  Law- 
ton  Blackberries,  a  special  premium,  $5. 

GENERAL  SUMMARY  OF  EXHIBITORS  AND  FRUITS  EXHIBTED. 

G.  W.  Fountain — 19  varieties  of  Apples,  one  of  Pears.  Tomatoes,  Egyptian  or 
Moorish  Pumpkins,  Apple  Melon,  Spanish  Melon,  Nutmeg  Melon. 

C.  L.  Kellogg — 14  varieties  of  Squashes,  3  of  Pumpkins,  and  44  varieties  of 
Apples. 


27 

F.  W.  Macondray — 14  varieties  of  Grapes,  and  a  large  variety  of  Apples,  Pears, 
and  Quince?. 

P.  L.  Weimer — 4  varieties  Seedling  Peaches. 

A.  Bu.shnell  &  Co. — Sample  of  Plops,  California  growth ;  and  Hop  Vine,  a  fine 
specimen. 

John  Lewelling,  of  San  Lorenzo — 52  varieties  of  Apples,  25  of  Pears,  2  of 
Quinces,  and  7  of  Peaches. 

Annie  &  Charlie  Ttippan — Specimen  of  Sunflower  of  enormous  size. 

W.  McPherson  Hill,  of  Sonoma— 16  varieties  of  Apples,  3  of  Pears,  3  of  Peach- 
es, 1  of  Plum,  3  of  Quinces,  1  of  Grapes,  extra  fine. 

C.  Appleton — 12  varieties  of  Apples,  2  of  Pears,  5  of  Melons,  and  a  fine  speci- 
men of  Tobacco. 

Henry  Bush — 5  varieties  of  Apples. 

W.  F.  Man,  Golden  Gate  Nursery — Splendid  collection  of  Plants  and  Flowers. 

Dr.  II.  Haile,  15  varieties  of  Apples,  7  of  Pears,  8  of  Plums,  1  of  Prunes,  2  of 
Peaches,  sample  of  Hops  and  Apple  Melon. 

Jacob  Keller,  2  varieties  of  Pears,  2  of  Strawberries. 

Capt.  Richardson,  5  varieties  of  Apples,  2  of  Pears,  1  of  Quince. 

White  &  Kelsey,  20  varieties  of  Apples,  2  of  Nectaraines,  1  of  Blackberry  (Law- 
ton)  1  of  Plums,  and  3  of  Pears. 

Daniel  Gibb,  51  varieties  of  Apples,  3  of  Pears,  5  of  Nectaraine,  1  of  Quince, 
22  of  Peaches,  and  sample  of  Imphee  or  African  Sugar  Cane. 

D.  L.  Perkins,  3  varieties  of  Beets,  with  turnips,  Cauliflowers,  Squashes,  Pump- 
kins, Cabbages,  Sweet  Corn,  Pop  Corn,  Cucumbers,  24  varieties  of  fruits  and  24 
varieties  of  field  and  garden  seeds  of  California  growth. 

A.  H.  Myers,  20  varieties  of  Pears,  26  of  Apples,  1  Seedling  Geranium,  1  large 
Sunflower,  Apple  Melons,  Squashes,  Cucumbers  and  Raspberries. 

J.  D.  Farwell,  3  varieties  of  Apples,  3  of  Pears. 

Geo.  Cochrane,  British  Queen  Strawberries,  plate  of  Nonsuch  Apples  and  Cur- 
rants in  jars. 

Simpson  Thompson,  11  varieties  of  Plums,  12  of  Pears,  4  of  Cherries,  16  of 
Grapes,  1  branch  of  a  vine,  beautiful  white  clusters,  16  varieties  of  Apples,  4  of 
Currant?,  15  of  Melons,  6  of  Squashes,  2  samples  of  Currant  wine,  white  and  red, 
1  Balsam  Apple. 

J.  \V.  Osborn,  of  Napa,  42  varieties  of  Apples,  42  of  Pears,  17  of  Grapes,  and 
17  of  Peaches. 

R.  W.  Washburn,  Shell  Mound,  22  varieties  of  Apples,  2  of  Plums,  1  of  Almonds, 
1  of  Grapes,  2  of  Strawberries,  19  of  Pears,  Chinese  Sugar  cane,  18  varieties  of 
Dahlias,  1  Tube  Rose,  2  specimens  of  Meddlers. 

W.  M.  Lent,  5  varieties  of  Apples. 

J.  B.  Rumford,  2  varieties  of  Sweet  Potatoes. 

S.  K.  Woodworth,  Sample  of  Guano. 

John  Rowlan,  basket  of  Grapes. 


28 

James  Hutchinson,  (Rochea  falcate)  Cut  Flowers  (Phaseolus  Carocold)  with 
specimens  of  Chinese  fruit,  Beets,  Turnips  and  Apple  Melons. 

Genl.  M.  G.  Vallejo,  2  varieties  of  California  Wine,  red  and  white. 
Mrs.  Vallejo,  of  Sonoma,  specimens  of  Pomegranates. 
Tubbs  &  Co.,  samples  of  Hemp,  raised  by  J.  B.  Manny,  San  Jose. 
J.  II.  Hobart,  of  Lee's  Garden,  1  Oleander,  1  Orange  Tree,  1  Fig  Tree,  1  Century 
Plant  and  specimens  of  Quinces. 

E.  L.  Reimer,  California  Nurseries,  by  John  O'Hare,  a  splendid  collection  of  Plants 
and  Flowers. 

N.  W.  Palmer,  11  varieties  of  Apples,  and  4  of  Pears. 
H.  A.  Sonntag,  a  beautiful  collection  of  Roses. 

*  J.  Q.  A.  Warren,  1  bottle  of  Wine,  made  in  1856,  by  E.  W.  Bull,  of  Concord, 
Mass.,  from  the  "  Concord  Grape." 

D.  E.  Hough,  6  varieties  of  Beans,  3  of  Peas,  10  of  Potatoes,  5  of  Strawberries, 
3  of  Raspberries  ;  specimens  of  Chufa,  or  earth  Almonds ;  also  the  Diascoria  Bota- 
tis,  or  Chinese  Yam,  and  two  varieties  of  Cucumbers. 
Wm.  Lent,  2  baskets  of  Fruit. 
Mrs.  L.  H.  Lent,  1  bottle  of  Nutmegs  in  spirits. 

C.  M.  Weber,  a  large  collection  of  Grapes  —  one  bunch  weighing  31-2  pounds; 
Prickly  Pears,  Tomatoes,  Foreign  Grapes  in  great  variety,  Apples,  Quinces,  Figs, 
and  Peaches. 

R.  Gibbon,  2  varieties  of  Apples. 
J.  B.  Hill,  a  basket  and  several  plates  of  Fruit. 
John  Campbell,  2  varieties  of  Seedling  Peaches. 

L.  A.  Gould,  4  varieties  of  Apples,  3  of  Pears,  2  of  Grapes,  with  Apple  Melons 
and  samples  of  California  Wine,  vintage  of  1857. 

B.  F.  Watkins,  5  varieties  of  Apples. 

C.  H.  Rumrill,  one  box  of  Honey. 

Jas.  L.  Burtis,  31  varieties  of  Apples,  3  of  Pears. 

W.  H.  Walker,  specimens  of  Salmon  Berries,  from  Humboldt  Bay. 

E.  W.  Case,  26  varieties  of  Apples,  and  4  of  Pears. 

L.  Pelier,  4  varieties  of  Pears,  1  of  Peach,  1  of  Apples,  4  of  Grapes,  and  sample 
of  Wine,  from  the  Black  Cluster  Grape. 

M.  Schallenberger,  1  variety  of  Plum. 

C.  Peebles,  7  varieties  of  Apples,  1  of  Peach,  1  jar  of  Brandy  Peaches,  2  bottles 
Strawberry  Cordial. 

H.  Shurtzer,  26  varieties  of  Apples. 

Wm.  O'Donnell,  4  varieties  of  Apples,  7  of  Pears,  and  4  of  Grapes. 

A.  Delmas,  a  large  variety  of  Grapes. 

L.  Provost,  16  varieties  of  Apples,  6  of  pears. 

James  Gould,  Sicily  Melons. 

James  Bailey,  Rhubarb. 


29 

W.  Daniels,  a  large  variety  of  Apples,  8  of  Pears. 

H.  C.  Skinner,  fine  Seedling  Apples. 

Thos.  Fallen— of  Apples,  15  of  Pears. 

B.  F.  Headen,  3  varieties  of  Pears,  20  of  Apples. 

Sisters  Notre  Dame,  3  varieties  of  Peaches. 

B.  S.  Fox  &  Co.,  2  boxes  of  Honey. 
Oliver  Bolin,  2  varieties  of  Wine. 

J.  Childs,  Japan  Peas,  Alfalfa. 

James  Lick,  15  varieties  of  Apples,  3  of  Pears. 

Joseph  Aram,  13  varieties  of  Pears,  1  of  Quince,  34  of  Apples. 

A.  P.  Smith,  15  varieties  of  Pears,  8  of  Peaches,  35  jars  assorted  Fruits,  12  va- 
rieties of  Grapes. 

Peter  Quivey,  17  varieties  of  Apples,  2  of  Peaches. 

C.  T.  Ryland,  7  varieties  of  Apples. 
F.  G.  Appleton,  1  variety  of  Apple. 

Dr.  T.  J.  White,  2  varieties  of  Wine,  red  and  white. 

W.  H.  Nash,  4  varieties  of  Fruit. 

Jesse  Merrill,  Smyrna  Figs,  Grapes,  Quinces,  and  Pears. 

Cummings  &  Swan,  Egg  Plant,  Cabbage  and  Celery. 

J.  C.  White,  1  dish  of  Pears,  1  of  Peaches. 

James  O'Donnell,  fine  collection  of  Plants,  Orange  Tree  in  full  bearing. 

Alex.  Crochet,  4  varieties  of  Strawberries. 

S.  Reilly,  collection  of  Dahlias — fine. 

B.  McDonald,  Family  Beet,  grown  in  sand. 
Mrs.  S.  Loring,  3  jars  of  Preserved  Fruit*. 

C.  Nutting,  basket  of  Fruit. 

T.  D.  Woolsey,  Raspberries  on  the  bush. 

Geo.  Thacher  &  Co.,  California  Wines. 

Kohler,  Frohling  &  Bauck,  Wines  and  Brandy. 

W.  H.  Yates,  1  show  case  of  Fruits. 

Sainsevain  Bros.,  Wines  and  Brandy. 

L.  D.  Latorette,  7  varieties  of  Fruits. 

J.  Simpson,  Squashes. 

C.  C.  Briggs,  7  jars  of  Peaches  and  Nectarines. 

Hazeltine  &  Hutchinson,  Grapes  and  Peaches. 

C.  Crocker,  4  Pears,  weight  6  Ibs.  8  oz. 

F.  O.  Wheeler,  1  large  Watermelon. 

W.  P.  Toler,  2  varieties  of  Apples,  second  growth  Peara. 

Thos.  Parker,  Corn  in  stalk  (tall  Corn.) 

B.  Hoffman,  Hemp  in  stalk,  and  Radishes. 

F.  D.  Havens,  basket  of  Fruit,  etc. 

M.  Cooks,  3  varieties  of  Fruits. 


30 


John  Morse,  3  varieties  of  Pears,  3  of  Apples. 

P.  Storck,  2  Watermelons. 

U.  Schmiedel,  Strawberries. 

Wm.  Bruce,  fine  exhibit  of  Beets. 

Dr.  A.  Kellogg,  specimens  of  Lilium  Speciosa. 

M.  Chilmak,  Green  Osier  Bush. 

J.  R.  Robb,  Beet«,  etc. 

T.  Ellsworth,  Tobacco  in  stalk. 

C.  Parrott,  Ruta  Baga. 

Insane  Asylum,  specimen  of  Tobacco  Plant. 

T.  T.  Heald,  specimens  of  Apples. 

John  Dewar,  Sweet  Potatoes. 

J.  W.  Kessling,  Limb  of  Apples. 

S.  Abbott,  Canary  Seed,  in  stalk. 

G.  C.  Yount,  7  varieties  of  Apples,  3  of  Pears. 

J.  Valentine  &  Co.,  6  Onions,  weight  2  Ibs.  each. 

G.  C.  Robins,  Oregon,  Pears  of  first  and  second  growth,  Magnum  Bonum  Plums. 


Additional  Report  on  Apples. 

COMMITTKE. 

J.  S.  Silver,  G.  W.  Fountain,  Wilson   Flint,  W.  Wadsworth. 

There  is  scarcely  a  single  collection  of  Apples  exhibited  that  does  not  present  for 
admiration  some,  and  often  nearly  all,  specimens  which  at  an  Eastern  Fair  would 
take  the  first  premiums.  The  Committee  undertook  the  task  oi'  a  close  review,  in 
order  to  make  mention  of  the  most  meritorious.  But,  really,  the  task  of  choking 
among  so  many,  where  none  are  defective  in  any  particular,  and  nearly  all  are 
notable  for  general  excellence,  is  one  of  great  difficulty  —  indeed,  of  impossibility. 
So  your  Committee  is  left  to  make  a  very  extended  list:  for  none  else  would  render 
justice.  Let  the  fault,  if  it  be  one,  be  chargeable  to  the  perfection  of  the  climate 
of  California,  which  permits  the  soil  to  produce  nothing  but  fine  fruit  of  every 
variety. 

The  Committee,  therefore,  make  mention  of  the  following  exhibitions,  as  present- 
ing specimens  which  in  any  other  country  would  be  marked  as  unusually  good  : 

Specimens  numbered  61,  by  C.  Peebles;  60,  B.  F.  Ileaden  ;  67,  J.  Aram;  70, 
C.  T.  Ryland  ;  60,  P.  Quivey  ;  66,  J.  Lick  ;  50,  II.  Shurtzer ;  — ,  Colonel  Younger  ; 
71,  F.  G.  Appleton;  57,  W.  Daniels;  46,  E.  W.  Case;  44,  J.  L.  Burtis  — this 
number  44  is  worthy  of  extra  consideration  ;  41,  L.  A.  Gould  ;  42,  B.  F.  Walking  ; 
53,  A.  D^lmas;  51,  Wm.  O'Donnell ;  47,  L.  Pellier;  33,  N.  W.  Palmer;  24,  W. 
M.  Lent ;  19,  J.  ]).  Farwell ;  18,  A.  H.  Myers  ;  95,  W.  P.  Toler ;  23,  R.  W.  Wash- 
burn  ;  6,  J.  Le  welling;  21,  S.  Thompson;  20,  George  Cochrane ;  39,  J.  B.  Hill  — 


31 

very  fine  varieties,  and  a  basket  of  assorted  fruit  of  great  merit ;  17,  D.  L.  Perkins  ; 
98,  F.  D.  Havens,  a  fine  basket  of  assorted  fruit ;  1,  G.  W.  Fountain ;  12,  H.  Ilaile  ; 
90,  L.  D.  Ltiterette,  of  Oregon  ;  9,  C.  Appleton  ;  8,  W.  McP.  Hill ;  2,  C.  L.  Kellogg  ; 
15,  White  &  Kelsey ;  14,  Captain  Richardson  ;  10,  H.  Bush;  38  1-2,  R.  Gibbons. 

The  Committee  on  Fruits  are  not  called  upon  to  speak  of  the  disease  of  trees. 
But  it  will  venture,  for  the  good  it  might  do,  to  speak  of  "  sun-scald,"  of  which  so 
many  complain.  This  is  a  disease  altogether  owing  to  the  act  of  the  tree  grower. 
It  is  not  attributable  to  climate.  Let  your  lower  limbs  remain ;  do  not  apply  the 
pruning  knife  to  deprive  the  lower  part  of  the  stem  of  shelter  (after  the  manner  of 
orchardists  in  humid  summer  climates)  and  your  trees  will  know  no  sun-scald.  A 
similar  reserve  of  your  pruning  knife  will  be  necessary  in  shaping  the  top.  The 
mode  of  dressing  our  fruit  trees  must  not  be  taken  from  Eastern  experience  ;  there  um- 
brage has  to  be  removed  to  let  in  the  sun,  and  to  guard  against  mildew.  Here  it  is 
quite  different ;  a  dense  foliage,  a  balloon-shape  and  low  branching,  seem  essential  in 
our  horticulture. 

Some  of  your  Committee  have  seen  this  summer,  a  whole  orchard  of  Apple  and 
Peach  trees  on  the  American  river,  near  Sacramento,  from  which  the  lower  limbs 
were  ruthlessly  cut  otf,  and  pieces  of  boards  and  shingles  set  up  to  protect  them  from 
sun-scald,  making  a  curious  appeal  a  ice,  and  yet  the  owner  was  quite  annoyed  at  the 
novel  suggestion  that  he  might  have  effected  iiis  purpose,  by  leaving  the  lower  limbs 
to  act  as  parasols,  instead  of  the  shingles. 

"Will  California  grow  Apples?"  is  a  question  which  this  Exhibition  answers  in 
the  affirmative,  and  from  an  observant  test  of  the  fruits  presented,  (which  embraced 
a  large  variety.)  if  we  have  not  certainly  in  regm-d  to  flavor,  we  have  reason  for 
great  hopes.  What  effect  may  be  produced  upon  the  flavor  and  other  useful  qualities 
of  many  varieties  of  winter  Apples,  by  ripening  in  our  climate  so  as  to  become  late 
fall  Apples,  remains  to  be  tested  by  further  experience.  The  compared  experience 
of  fruit  growers,  brought  together  on  this  occasion,  leads  to  the  conclusion  that,  in 
this  country  of  varied  soils  and  climates,  every  known  species  of  valuable  Apples 
will  find  somewhere  a  congenial  home  ;  and  the  vast  area  of  orcharding  now  planted, 
secures  the  State  against  any  probability  of  deficient  supplies  for  home  consumption 
in  the  future.  The  crop  may  be  short  or  even  a  failure  in  particular  localities,  but 
scarcely  is  it  possible  that  the  failure  can  be  so  general  as  to  make  this  fine  fruit  a 
rarity  in  our  markets. 

Rather  have  we  to  concern  ourselves  with  quite  a  different  question  — "  What  are 
we  to  do  with  all  the  Apples?"  How  the  Apple  of  California  will  bear  exporting, 
is  a  question  of  grave  import  to  fruit  growers  and  to  the  whole  people  of  the  State. 
The  Committee  may  point  to  the  Apples  of  Oregon,  which  are  known  to  bear  trans- 
port, and  to  the  fully  equal  solidity  of  the  same  varieties  in  California,  as  furiii-hing 
a  fair  inference,  favorable  to  our  green  Apples  becoming  an  article  of  valuable  com- 
merce. 

But,  admitting  as  quite  probable,  that  the  great  bulk  of  our  Apple  product,  after 


82 

our  domestic  market  is  supplied,  may  not  find  export  demand  in  the  green  state, 
there  can  be  no  hesitation  in  promising  for  our  Apple  crop,  when  dried,  a  market 
that  cannot  be  glutted.  Apples  cured  in  this  fine  climate,  where  no  rain  falls  to 
destroy  the  color  and  the  flavor  (as  it  is  sure  to  do,  if  even  a  small  shower  visits  it 
after  the  fruit  has  a  few  hours  of  exposure)  will  command  extra  prices  in  the  markets 
of  the  world,  and  the  readiest  sale  may  always  be  relied  upon.  This  remark  is 
equally  applicable  to  Plums,  Prunes,  Pears,  Peaches,  Figs,  Grapes,  Cherries,  etc. 

The  only  matter  of  doubt  is,  can  we  do  this  at  California  prices  of  labor  ?  Your 
Committee  entertains  no  doubt  on  this  head.  Some  of  us  are  familiar  with  the  cur- 
ing of  fruits  by  the  drying  process,  and  for  general  information  we  would  state  that  at 
a  very  trifling  cost  (say  five  dollars  as  the  outside  figure)  ingenious  machinery  is 
made,  by  which  a  very  small  boy  or  girl  peals  an  Apple,  and  by  a  cut  and  thrust 
movement,  decores  and  divides  into  quarter  sections  —  all  done  in  less  time  than  you 
occupy  in  reading  the  two  lines  of  this  description.  The  most  time  is  taken  to  stick 
the  Apple  on  the  prongs.  Thus,  it  will  be  seen,  that  so  little  manual  labor  is  requir- 
ed as  to  form  a  matter  of  no  solicitude.  Modifications  only  will  be  required  to  adopt 
the  many  varieties  of  this  little  machine  to  all  kinds  of  fruit.  Without  going  inio 
other  methods  of  preserving  our  fruits,  enough  is  hare  to  satisfy  us  that  orchardists 
may  take  heart,  in  the  certitude  of  their  reward. 


NOTICE. 

Parties  entitled  to  premiums  as  per  schedule,  can,  on  the  15th  of  October,  draw 
the  same  from  Mr.  J.  L.  SANFORD,  Treasurer  after  the  Horticultural  Society.  The 
Executive  would,  however,  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  Mr.  J.  L.  TUCKER  has,  at 
their  suggestion,  provided  silver  of  different  patterns,  to  the  amount  of  the  smallest 
and  largest  of  the  premiums  awarded,  but  we  have  deemed  it  more  satisfactory  to 
our  contributors  that  each  should  make  their  own  selection. 

W.  WADSWORTH,  Secretary. 

Per  order. 


Special  Meeting. 

J.  W.  Osborn,  of  Oak  Knoll,  in  the  chair ;  A.  H.  Myers,  of  Alameda,  Secretary 
pro  tern.  The  object  of  the  meeting,  as  stated  by  the  chairman,  was  to  consider  any 
and  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  the  Society. 

Delegates  from  the  Santa  Clara  Horticultural  Society,  also  of  the  State  Agricul 
tural  Society,  were  present,  and  took  an  active  part  with  the  Society  in  the  general 
interest  of  the  occasion. 

The  Treasurer  reported  that  at  the  annual  meeting  last  April  the  number  of  mem- 
bers was  46,  and  at  present  100. 

After  full  and  free  discussion,  the  following  recommendations  were  made  to  the 
Executive  Committee : 


33 

That  the  Executive  Committee,  in  their  arrangements  for  the  coming  year,  see 
that  a  more  lilx-nil  supply  of  room  be  provided. 

That  in  case  of  any  connection  with  other  societies,  our  Society  has  liberal  terms 
in  control,  and  financially. 

That  conventional  rooms  be  provided  adjacent  to  the  Horticultural  exhibition. 

That  arrangement*,  so  far  as  can  be  made,  be  entered  into  by  which  pecuniary 
loss  will  not  be  inflicted  on  members  by  their  fruit  being  kept  on  exhibition  so  long 
as  to  become  spoiled. 

That  if,  on  the  winding  up  of  the  present  season's  business  of  the  Society,  the 
Society  is  found  to  be  financially  capable,  rooms  be  provided  where  members  can 
meet  —  can  send  samples  of  fruit  for  exhibition  or  nomenclature  —  through  the  sea- 
son of  soft  fruits  and  flowers. 

That  the  Secretary  be  requested  to  obtain  information  as  to  the  best  management 
of  these  exhibitions  in  the  Atlantic  cities,  so  that  report  and  definite  arrangement 
may  be  made  at  the  April  meeting,  if  not  before  made  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

Also,  that  the  Executive  take  into  consideration  the  propriety  of  having  additional 
copies  of  the  report  of  the  present  industrial  exhibition,  embodying  all  the  by-laws 
of  the  Society,  and  proceedings  of  the  Fruit  Growers'  Convention. 

Unanimously  adopted,  and  meeting  adjourned  to  call. 

The  closing  address,  in  the  absence  of  F.  W.  Macondray,  President,  was  made 
by  J.  W.  Osborn,  Vice-President,  from  the  Napa  District,  on  the  evening  of  the  23d 
of  September.  He  said : 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  Our  Exhibition  will  now  close  with  the  sale  of  the 
fruit,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Premium  Fund,  where  contributors  have  not  made  other 
disposition  of  them.  But  before  closing,  I  am  requested  by  our  worthy  President, 
(who  is  too  ill  to  be  here  this  evening,)  and  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Horti- 
cultural Society,  to  thank  you  for  your  generous  patronage.  Citizens  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, we  do  most  cordially  and  heartily  thank  you. 

Our  Society,  one  year  since,  was  invited  here  as  a  guest,  and  in  the  feebleness  of 
oar  early  growth,  gladly  twined  its  tendrils  round  the  pillars  of  your  noble  Institute. 
But,  like  the  trees  from  which  this  fruit  was  plucked,  precocious  in  its  growth,  the 
second  year  has  borne  this  crop.  We  are  now  here  as  partners  in  this  exhibition, 
and  in  the  increase  of  attractiveness  of  the  whole,  we  have  fully  paid  back  the  nur- 
ture of  last  year.  As  experience  has  shown  us  that  justice  to  the  whole  State  can- 
not be  done  by  a  single  exhibition  at  this  time  of  the  year,  if  horticultural  success 
crowns  our  labors  the  coming  season,  we  design  to  have  two  exhibitions — one  in  the 
early  smumer,  one  in  the  fall.  We  trust  the  present  exhibition  has  convinced  you 
that  the  time  is  not  distant  when  California  will  supply  herself  with  fresh  fruits,  and 
need  not  import  the  dried;  in  fact,  we  think  our  dried  fruits  will  be  known  e'er  long 
in  the  world's  market.  In  our  endeavor  to  gratify  you,  we  have  surprised  ourselves — 
for  fruit  growers  exhibit  to  each  other  ;  and  we  return  to  our  homes  with  renewed 
faith  in  California  productiveness,  and  in  our  own  capability.  Nor  does  this  effect 


34 

rest  with  ourselves  alone  ;  societies  of  other  States  have  sent  their  delegates  to  this 
and  the  kindred  fairs.  The  Keystone,  the  Buckeye  State,  and  young  Iowa  have 
sent  us  their  representatives — men  who  from  habit,  education  and  experience  are  well 
qualified  to  judge  of  California  attractions.  Gentlemen,  they  are  satisfied  ;  they 
return  not  to  make  verbal  report.  We  must  bear  the  blame  of  their  detention ;  cap- 
tivated with  our  soil,  climate  and  productions,  they  remain,  are  with  us,  and  of  us. 

And  now,  again  thanking  you  for  your  support,  we  leave  you  for  another  year, 
bearing  with  us  the  consciousness,  that  the  San  Franciscans,  our  most  generous  con- 
sumers, have  been  no  niggards  in  their  praise  or  presence  at  this  our  second  Annual 
Fair. 

The  fruit  remaining  on  the  tables  was  sold  by  auction,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Pre- 
mium Fund  of  the  Society. 


CONSTITUTIONAL  LAWS, 

RULES    ^ND    REGULATIONS 


CALIFORNIA  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 


ITSTSTITTJTEID     OCTOBER    1O,    1856. 


ARTICLE  L— NAME. 

This  Association  shall  be  called  the  "  CALIFORNIA  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY." 

ARTICLE  IL— OBJECT. 

The  object  of  the  Society  shall  be  to  foster  and  encourage  all  departments  of  scien- 
tific and  practical  Horticulture. 

ARTICLE  III.— MEMBERSHIPS. 

Section  1.  SUBSCRIPTION  MEMBERS. — Candidates  for  membership  may  be  pro- 
posed at  any  regular  meeting  of  the  Society,  such  proposition  being  accompanied  by 
the  initiation  fee  of  five  dollars,  which  fee,  if  the  candidate  is  not  elected,  shall  be  re- 
turned. All  elections  for  members  shall  be  by  ball  ballot,  and  three  black  balls  shall 
reject  the  candidate.  Any  person  may  become  a  member  of  the  Society  by  the  above 
process,  and  no  other.  And  every  member  thus  elected,  shall  pay  to  the  Society  the 
sum  of  five  dollars  annually. 

Sec.  2.  LIFE  MEMBERS. — Any  person  already  a  member,  may  become  a  member 
for  life,  by  paying  forty-five  dollars  additional,  and  shall  be  exempt  from  all  further 
dues  or  assessments,  excepting  for  the  library. 

Any  person  not  already  a  member,  may  become  a  member  for  life,  by  the  same 
process  as  a  subscription  member,  and  paying  fifty  dollars. 


36 

Sec.  3.  HONORARY  AND  CORRESPONDING  MEMBERS. — Any  person  whom  the 
Executive  Committee  shall  propose,  may  be  elected  an  honorary  or  a  corresponding 
member,  in  the  same  manner  that  subscription  and  life  members  are  elected,  and 
shall  enjoy  free  of  charge,  all  the  privileges  of  the  Society,  except  voting  and  holding 
office. 

To  each  person  so  elected,  the  Secretary  shall,  as  soon  as  convenient,  transmit  a 
diploma  or  certificate  of  membership,  signed  by  the  President,  and  countersigned 
by  the  Secretary. 

Sec.  4.  PRIVILEGES  OF  MEMBERS. — Any  member  shall  be  eligible  to  office  ;  shall 
be  entitled  to  vote ;  shall  receive  a  diploma  or  certificate  of  membership  ;  a  printed 
copy  of  the  By-laws  and  of  all  the  published  trunsactions  of  the  Society  ;  shall  enjoy 
the  use  of  the  Library,  and  have  free  admission,  accompanied  by  two  ladies,  to  all  the 
exhibitions  of  the  Society,  and  be  permitted  to  compete  for  premiums  in  any  or  all 
departments. 

Sec.  5.  LIABILITY  OF  MEMBERS. — No  member  of  the  Society,  whose  dues  re- 
main unpaid  more  than  one  year,  shall  be  entitled  to  any  of  the  privileges  of  mem- 
bership until  such  dues  are  paid. 

Any  member  whose  dues  remain  unpaid  for  six  months,  after  having  notice  that 
he  is  in  arrears  for  two  years,  shall  be  considered  as  having  withdrawn  from  the 
Society,  and  the  finance  committee,  with  the  Treasurer,  shall  cause  his  name  to  be 
stricken  from  the  roll  of  members,  after  which  he  can  only  be  admitted  as  a  new 
member. 

Sec.  6.  EXPULSION  OF  MEMBERS. — Any  member  who  shall  do  any  thiug  to  dis- 
honor the  Society,  or  shall  place  upon  the  tables  for  exhibition,  any  article  not  of  his 
own  production,  or  in  any  way  attempt  to  deceive  or  be  guilty  of  a  breach  of  faith 
toward  the  Society,  may  be  expelled  therefrom  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members 
present  at  any  regular  meeting.  PROVIDED,  that  no  member  shall  be  expelled,  un- 
less a  written  notice  of  the  alleged  offence  shall  have  been  served  on  him,  or  left  at 
his  usual  place  of  residence,  at  least  twenty  days  previous  to  the  action. 

ARTICLE  IV.— OFFICERS. 

The  officers  of  this  Society  shall  be  a  President ;  at  least  four  Vice  Presidents  ;  a 
Secretary  ;  a  Treasurer,  and  not  less  than  three  Directors,  all  of  whom  shall  be  elected 
by  ballot  at  the  annual  meeting,  and  shall  hold  their  office  one  year,  or  until  their 
successors  assume  their  duties;  provided,  however,  that  after  the  year  1860,  no  per- 
son shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  President,  unless  he  shall  have  been  a  member 
for  three  years  previous. 

ARTICLE  V.~ DUTIES  OF  OFFICERS. 

Sec.  1.  PRESIDENT  AND  VICE  PRESIDENTS. — The  President  shall  preside  at  all 
meetings — shall  have  power  at  the  written  request  of  five  members,  to  call  special 


37 

meetings  of  the  Society — shall  appoint  all  committees  unless  otherwise  ordered — 
shall  vote  only  at  election  of  officers  and  members  and  in  case  of  a  tie,  and  shall  sign 
all  drafts  and  diplomas  awarded  by  the  Society.  In  his  absence,  the  first  V.  P.  on 
the  list  present  shall  perform  his  duties.  In  the  absence  of  both  President  and  Y. 
P's,  the  Society  may  choose  a  chairman  viva  voce. 

Sec.  2.  OF  THE  SECRETARY. — The  Secretary  shall  conduct  the  correspondence 
of  the  Society,  keeping  in  a  book  provided  for  that  purpose  copies  of  the  letters  written 
in  the  name  or  on  behalf  of  the  Society,  and  shall  hold  said  book  open  and  free  to 
the  inspection  of  all  members  of  the  Society  at  any  regular  meeting.  He  shall  also 
receive,  read  and  file  all  letters  addressed  to  the  Society,  holding  the  same  subject  to 
the  disposal  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  shall  be  ex-officio  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

He  shall  attend  all  meetings  of  the  Society,  the  Board  and  Executive  Committee  ; 
record  full  minutes  of  the  same  in  separate  books,  and  furnish  copies  of  such  minutes 
to  the  committee  of  publication  within  five  days  after  the  close  of  such  meeting. 

He  shall  prepare  and  publish  notice  of  all  meetings  of  the  Society ;  shall  keep 
a  roll  of  all  standing  committees ;  call  the  same  at  each  meeting,  reporting  the  ab- 
sences from  the  previous  meeting ;  shall  notify  each  person  of  his  election  to  mem- 
bership, (honorary  or  otherwise,)  and  present  him  a  certificate  of  the  same  and  a 
printed  copy  of  the  by-laws.  He  shall  record  in  a  book  kept  for  that  especial  pur- 
pose, the  name  of  every  member,  the  date  of  his  election,  and  by  whom  proposed. 
He  shall  also  cause  to  be  prepared  and  delivered  to  each  member,  gratuitous  tickets 
of  admission  to  all  the  Society's  exhibitions. 

He  shall  countersign  all  diplomas  awarded  by  the  Society,  and  forward  the  same 
to  their  respective  claimants. 

He  shall  be  ex-officio  Librarian,  shall  keep  the  seal  and  all  plates  or  dies  belonging 
to  the  Society,  and  cause  to  be  struck  therefrom  such  medals  or  impressions,  as  may 
from  time  to  time  be  required.  He  shall,  in  connection  with  the  President,  draw 
upon  the  Treasurer  in  favor  of  all  persons  entitled  to  premiums  for  their  respective 
sums,  and  shall  at  each  annual  meeting,  present  a  full  report  of  all  the  transactions 
of  the  Society  for  the  year ;  for  all  which  services,  he  shall  receive  such  compensa- 
tion as  the  Society  may  from  time  to  time  decide  to  pay. 

Sec.  3.  OF  THE  TREASURER. — The  Treasurer  shall  collect  all  monies  due  or 
payable  to  the  Society,  and  shall  keep  and  disburse  the  same  according  to  the  estab- 
lished regulations ;  shall  hold  in  trust  all  certificates  of  stock,  bonds,  notes  or  other 
evidences  of  debt,  and  shall  transfer,  invest  or  dispose  of  the  same  only  by  direction 
of  the  Society,  or  on  the  written  order  of  the  committee  of  finance,  and  shall  make 
a  full  report  of  his  doings  at  the  annual  meeting,  or  at  any  time  upon  the  order  of 
the  Board  of  Managers. 

He  shall  also  report  to  the  Society  the  names  of  all  persons  who  are  in  default  to 
the  Society,  for  their  annual  contributions  for  more  than  twelve  months,  and  shall 
furnish  to  the  committee  of  finance  a  list  of  such  members  a?  shall  have  been  six 
months  in  arrears  for  two  annual  subscriptions. 

30236$ 


For  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties,  he  shall,  within  fifteen  days  of  his  election, 
file  with  the  Secretary  a  bond  approved  by  the  Board,  in  the  sum  of  double  the  esti- 
mated revenue  for  the  coming  year,  together  with  the  funds  on  hand ;  and  shall  re- 
ceive for  his  services  such  compensation  as  the  Society  shall  from  time  to  time  agree 
to  pav. 

ARTICLE  VL— BOARD  OF  MANAGERS. 

Sec.  1.  OF  WHOM  COMPOSED. — The  President,  Vice  Presidents,  Secretary, 
Treasurer,  and  Directors,  shall  constitute  the  Board,  to  whom,  in  the  interim  of 
stated  meetings,  shall  be  intrusted  the  general,  prudential,  fiscal  and  supervisory 
management  of  the  Society. 

Sec.  2.  MEETINGS. — The  Board  shall  meet  statedly  on  the  second  "Wednesday 
of  April,  July,  October,  and  January,  at  such  place  or  places  as  they  shall  from 
time  to  time  choose,  and  shall  make  by-laws  for  the  government  of  their  own  pro- 
ceedings, not  contrary  to  the  by-laws  of  the  Society.  At  their  first  meeting  they 
shall  choose  five  of  their  own  number,  (the  President  and  Secretary  being  TWO,) 
as  an  Executive  Committee,  to  whom  they  may  entrust  the  carrying  out  in  detail, 
of  such  measures  as  the  Society  or  Board  shall  direct. 

Sec.  3.  VACANCIES. — In  the  interim  of  annual  meetings  the  Board  shall  fill  all 
vacancies  in  office. 

Sec.  4.  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  make  all  suitable  arrangements  for  exhibitions,  and  the  manner  of  award- 
ing and  presenting  premiums ;  to  prepare  and  have  charge  of  the  hall  or  exhibition 
rooms  of  the  Society ;  to  form  rules  pertaining  to  the  same,  (submitting  them  to  the 
Board,  subject  to  amendment,  adoption  or  repeal).  In  the  performance  of  their 
duties  they  shall  have  power  to  form  any  desirable  number  of  sub-committees,  and 
call  to  their  aid  such  other  assistance  as  may  be  necessary. 

ARTICLE  VIL— STANDING   COMMITTEES. 

Sec.  1.  OF  THEIR  APPOINTMENT. — All  standing  committees  shall  be  appointed 
at  the  annual  meeting. 

Sec.  2.  COMMITTEE  OF  FINANCE. — This  committee  shall  consist  of  three,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  audit  the  Treasurer's  accounts,  and  present  the  same  to  the 
Society ;  to  examine  and  approve  all  bills  before  they  are  paid ;  to  give  specific 
directions  to  the  Treasurer  with  reference  to  the  disbursement  or  investment  of  the 
funds  and  property  of  the  Society,  and  make  a  full  report  of  their  proceedings  to 
the  Society  at  the  annual  meeting,  or  when  called  upon  by  the  Board  so  to  do. 

Sec.  3.  LIBRARY  COMMITTEE. — The  committee  on  the  library  shall  consist  of 
three,  and  shall  have  charge  of  all  books,  maps,  drawings,  engravings,  specimens, 
&c.,  designed  for  the  library ;  shall  from  time  to  time  procure  such  works  as  they 
may  deem  expedient,  not  exceeding  the  amount  appropriated  for  the  purpose. 

They  shall  have  power  to  adopt  and  enforce  rules  and  regulations  for  the  Library, 
the  same  having  been  approved  by  the  Board.  They  shall  also,  from  time  to  time, 
present  to  the  Society,  lists  of  such  books  and  publications  as  they  may  think  best  to 


add  to  the  Library,  and  suggest  means  and  measures  for  its  augmentation  and  pres- 
ervation, and  shall  make  a  full  report  of  their  proceedings  at  the  annual  meeting. 

Sec.  4.  PREMIUM  COMMITTEE. — The  Premium  Committee  shall  consist  of  three 
members,  and  it  shall  be  their  duty  to  prepare  a  list  of  premiums  to  be  offered  by  the 
Society,  and  present  the  same  to  the  Executive  Committee  on  or  before  the  second 
Wednesday  of  January,  which  if  approved  shall  be  signed  by  the  President,  counter- 
signed by  the  Secretary,  and  published  as  the  list  of  premiums  for  the  year. 

Sec.  5.  COMMITTEE  OF  AWARD. — There  shall  be  four  Committees  of  Award,  com- 
posed of  three  members  each  :  1st,  on  Fruit ;  2d,  on  Flowers  and  Plants  ;  3d,  on 
Vegetables ;  4th,  on  new  varieties  in  the  three  departments.  Said  committees  shall 
meet  one  hour  previous  to  opening  the  hall  for  public  exhibition,  and  make  their  ex- 
aminations. They  shall  award  premiums  according  to  the  schedule,  (withholding 
from  all  unworthy  specimens,  though  there  be  no  competition,)  and  shall  recommend 
to  the  Executive  Committee  such  gratuities  as  they  may  think  are  merited. 

Any  of  the  committees  of  award  shall  have  power  to  call  to  their  aid,  and  appoint 
such  sub-committees  as  they  may  deem  necessary. 

Any  one  member  in  the  absence  of  all  the  others  of  the  committee,  shall  be  entitled, 
aided  by  such  persons  as  he  may  choose,  to  proceed  with  and  finish  the  work  of  the 
committee.  Three  successive  absences  of  a  member  of  a  committee  without  satisfac- 
tory excuse  shall  be  considered  equivalent  to  a  resignation. 

It  shall  be  the  especial  duty  of  the  committee  on  new  varieties,  to  examine  care- 
fully all  specimens  presented  for  inspection,  taking  such  data  as  will  enable  them,  at 
the  same,  or  the  next  meeting  of  the  Society,  to  present  a  full  description,  with  bo- 
tanical name,  general  appearance,  origin,  merits,  &c. 

All  premiums,  gratuities  or  awards  of  whatever  kind,  shall  be  presented  to  the 
persons  entitled  to  the  same,  or  to  their  authorized  representatives,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Executive  Committee,  either  at  the  meeting  at  which  the  award  is  made, 
or  at  the  next  subsequent  one. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  each  committee  shall  make  to  the  Society  a  full  report  of 
ail  awards,  gratuities  or  premiums  granted  during  the  year,  together  with  the  names 
of  the  persons  to  whom  awarded  ;  all  of  which  shall  be  made  part  of  the  published 
transactions  of  the  Society. 

Sec.  6.  ON  NAMES  AND  SYNONYMS  OF  FRUITS. — This  committee  shall  consist 
of  five  members,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  examine  all  specimens  of  fruits  brought 
before  the  Society,  at  any  of  its  meetings  or  exhibitions  ;  to  label  such  as  are  without 
labels,  and  correct  such  as  are  erroneously  named  ;  also,  to  determine  as  far  as  possi- 
sible  their  proper  synonyms,  for  the  purposes  of  which,  they  shall,  if  necessary,  con- 
fer and  interchange  with  kindred  associations. 

Sec.  7.  COMMITTEE  FOR  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  SEEDS,  &c. — A  committee  of 
three  shall  receive  all  seeds,  plants,  &c.,  presented  to  the  Society  for  distribution,  and 
shall  distribute  the  same,  as  they  may  deem  most  apt  to  promote  the  objects  of  the 
Society.  The  recipients  of  such  seeds,  plants,  &c.,  will  be  expected  to  report  to  this 
committee  their  success,  and  the  committee  shall  report  the  same  to  the  Society. 


40 

Sec.  8.  COMMITTEE  OF  PUBLICATION. — This  committee  shall  consist  of  three 
members,  (one  of  whom  shall  be  the  Secretary  of  the  Society,)  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  publish  the  transactions  of  the  Society  in  such  form  as  may  be  deemed  advisa- 
ble, and  furnish  each  member  of  the  Society  with  a  copy. 

Sec.  9.  TIME  OF  REPORTING. — All  standing  committees  shall  furnish  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Society,  copies  of  their  reports  at  least  one  month  previous  to  the 
annual  meeting,  so  that  he  may  possess  the  necessary  data  for  the  annual  report  of 
the  Board  of  Managers. 

ARTICLE  VIII.— DONATIONS  AND  BEQUESTS. 

All  donations,  bequests  and  legacies,  designated  by  the  donors  for  any  particular 
purpose  embraced  within  the  objects  of  the  Society,  shall  be  with  strict  fidelity  so 
applied. 

The  name  of  each  donor,  together  with  the  amount  and  description  of  each  dona- 
tion, and  the  object  for  which  it  is  designed,  shall  be  registered  in  a  book  kept  ex- 
pressly for  that  purpose. 

ARTICLE  IX.— MEETINGS  AND  EXHIBITIONS. 

Sec.  1.  OF  MONTHLY  EXHIBITIONS. — The  Society  may,  at  its  discretion,  hold 
meetings  for  the  exhibition  of  all  articles  embraced  within  the  most  liberal  definition 
of  the  term  HORTICULTURE,  on  the  second  "Wednesday  of  each  month. 

Sec.  2.  QUARTERLY  MEETINGS. — The  Society  shall  meet  statedly  on  the  Second 
Wednesday  of  April.  July,  October  and  January,  for  the  discussion  of  subjects  per- 
taining to  Horticulture.  At  each  meeting,  one  or  more  subjects  shall  be  proposed 
and  referred  to  select  committees,  who  shall  make  written  report  upon  the  same  at 
the  next  meeting,  which  report  shall  be  the  subject  of  discussion. 

Sec.  3.  ANNUAL  MEETING. — The  annual  meeting  shall  be  held  on  the  second 
Wednesday  in  April. 

Sec.  4.  PROXY  VOTING. — Voting  by  proxy  shall  not  be  admissible  in  any  meet- 
ing of  the  Society. 

ARTICLE  X.— QUORUM. 

At  any  meeting  of  the  Society,  nine  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum.  At  any 
meeting  of  the  Board,  five  shall  be  a  quorum,  the  President  and  Secretary  being 
included. 

ARTICLE  XL— AMENDMENTS. 

Amendments  to  these  laws  must  be  presented  in  writing  at  a  stated  meeting,  when, 
if  a  majority  consent,  they  shall  be  spread  upon  the  minutes  and  lie  over  until  the 
next  stated  meeting,  when  they  shall  then  be  read,  and  if  after  discussion  two-thirds 
of  all  the  members  present  vote  for  the  amendments,  they  shall  be  adopted  and  be- 
come part  of  the  laws  of  the  Society. 


Third  Annual  Meeting  6f  the  California  Horticultural  Society. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  April  13th,  1859.  » 

Society  met  at  the  rooms  of  H.  Gushee,  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M.  On  motion,  meeting  adjourned 
to  1  o'clock,  P.  M. 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. — The  President  being  absent,  John  Levelling,  Vice  President,  took  the 
chair. 

The  credentials  of  Mesers.  Staples,  of  San  Joaquin,  and  Wheeler,  of  Sacramento,  as  Delegates 
from  the  California  State  Agricultnral  Society,  were  received. 

J.  W.  Osborn,  Chairman  of  Executive  Committee,  reported.     Report  accepted  and  adopted. 

On  motion,  it  was  Resolved:  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  confer  with  the  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute respecting  the  amount  claimed  to  be  due  to  this  Society,  and  failing  in  an  amicable  arrange- 
ment, that  they  have  authority  to  take  legal  proceedings  at  the  expense  of  the  Society,  to  recover 
the  amount  they  may  find  to  be  due.  The  Committee  consisted  of — A.  A.  Cohen,  H.  Gushee. 
T.  D.  Woolsey. 

Resolved:  That  said  Committee  report  to  the  Executive  Committee  at  their  earliest  convenience. 

Report  of  Secretary  read,  accepted  and  ordered  on  file. 

On  motion,  it  was  ordered,  that  a  proper  entry  be  made  upon  the  records,  showing  the  appoint- 
ment of  W.  Wadsworth  to  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Society,  by  the  Executive  Committee,  on 
the  resignation  of  O.  C.  Wheeler,  former  Secretary. 

Report  of  Treasurer  read,  accepted  and  adopted. 

Secretary  presented  his  account  for  expenses  incurred  in  cash,  $14,  which  was  allowed. 

It  was  also  voted  to  pay  to  the  Secretary  the  sum  of  $36,  for  services  rendered  the  Society. 

Resolved :  That  the  Report  of  last  year's  Proceedings  be  immediately  published. 

That  the  thanks  of  the  Society  be  tendered  to  the  Officers  and  Committees  of  last  year ;  and 
also  to  the  proprietors  of  the  Alia  California  for  the  gratuitous  publication  of  the  Reports  of  the 
Committees,  in  full,  thereby  enabling  the  Society  to  place  their  proceedings  before  its  member.* 
prior  to  the  Annual  Meeting.  Also  to  the  Auctioneers,  Messrs.  Riddle  and  Eldridge,  for  their 
services  at  the  close  of  the  Fair. 

Communications  from  various  members  read  and  placed  on  file. 

Communication  of  F.  W.  Macondray,  showing  that,  on  account  of  ill  health,  he  wished  to  de- 
c-line the  nomination  to  the  office  of  President  for  the  ensuing  year,  was  received  with  an  expres- 
sion of  regret  by  the  Society. 

Unfinished  business  being  closed,  the  meeting  proceeded  to  the  choice  of  the  Society's  Officer* 
for  the  ensuing  year. 

On  the  first  ballot,  J.  W.  Osborn,  of  Napa,  was  unanimously  elected  President. 

The  following  Officers  were  elected.     The  Committees  were  appointed  by  the  President. 

Vice  Presidents. — John  Lewelling,  San  Lorenzo ;  H.  Haile,  Alameda ;  John  Center,  San  Fran- 
cisco ;  A.  P.  Smith,  Sacramento. 

Directors. — Joseph  Aram,  San  Jose;  A.  W.  White,  Alameda  ;  H.  Gushee,  San  Francisco. 

Secretary. — W.  Wadsworth,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer. — Charles  R.  Bond,  San  Francisco. 


1 


42 

COMMITTEES. 

Finance.— A.  A.  Cohen,  J.  S.  Silver,  D.  E.  Hough. 

Library.— A.  H.  Myers,  T.  D.  Woolsey,  H.  F.  Williams. 

Premium. — F.  W.  Macondray,  San  Francisco ;  W.  Daniels,  San  Jose ;  G.  H.  Beach,  Marysville. 

Committee  on  Names  and  Synonyms  of  Fruits. — John  Lewelling,  Wilson  Flint,  Joseph  Aram,  A. 
P.  Smith,  F.  W.  Macondray. 

Committee  on  Distribution  of  Seeds.— D.  L.  Perkins,  G.  W.  Fountain,  C.  L.  Kellogg. 

Committee  of  Publication.— «W.  Wadsworth,  J.  B.  Rumford^,  J.  S.  Silver. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Rumford,  the  following  amendment  was  offered  to  the  Constitution,  Sec.  2d. 
which  was  ordered  to  be  placed  upon  the  record. 

The  following  amendment  to  Sec.  2d  of  Art.  3  of  the  Constitution  is  submitted  for  your  consid- 
eration : 

Let  forty-five  be  changed  to  twenty,  and  fifty  to  twenty-five  dollars,  so  that  it  shall  read :  Any 
person  already  a  member,  may  become  a  member  for  life,  by  paying  twenty  dollars  additional,  and 
shall  be  exempt  from  all  further  aues  or  assessments,  excepting  for  the  library. 

Any  person  not  already  a  member,  may  become  a  member  for  life  by  the  same  process  as  a  sub- 
scription member,  and  paying  twenty -five  dollars. 

The  bond  of  the  Treasurer  was  presented  and  accepted. 

Resolved:  That  the  Society  hail  with  pleasure  the  announcement  that  the  Alameda  County  Agri- 
cultural Society  will  hold  a  Floral  Fair,  on  the  14th  of  June  next,  and  recommend  the  members  of 
this  Society  to  co-operate  with  and  encourage  the  same. 

On  motion  of  Wilson  Flint,  after  some  discussion,  it  was 

Resolved :  That  the  next  Annual  Fail-  shall  be  opened  in  San  Francisco,  on  the  23d  of  August, 
and  continue  four  days. 

Resolved:  That  the  Committees  of  Award  shall  be  appointed  at  the  time  of  the  Fair,  by  the  ' 
Executive. 

Meeting  adjourned  to  call. 

Subsequently  at  the  Board  meeting,  the  following  gentlemen  were  chosen  Executive  Committee. 

J.  W.  OSBORN, 
W.  WADSWORTH, 
A.  W.  WHITE, 
H.  GUSHEE, 
J.  LEWELLING. 


TREASURER'S  REPORT. 


J.  L.  SANFORD  IN  ACCOUNT  WITH  CALIFORNIA  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
1858.  Dr. 

April  15.     To  cash  in  treasury,  as  per  report  at  date $37  06 

To  omission,  received  of  Wilson  Flint,  membership 5  00 

To  amount  from  W.  N.  Thompson .* 10  00 

$52  06 

Sept'r    1.     To  donation  from  P.  M.  S.  S.  Co 10  00 

"      30.     To  cash  received  for  seventy-six  memberships 380  00 

"      30.     To  cash  received  from  sale  of  fruit 161  75 

Oct'r    25.     To  cash  received  from  sale  of  soiled  cloth 5  00 

$608  81 

,1858.  Or. 

Sept.     By  disbursements  at  late  Fair,  &c. $348  13 

By  cash  paid  to  letter  treasury  box 1  50 

By  cash  paid  to  mail  one  thousand  circulars 10  00 

By  cash  paid  for  treasury  box 5  00 

By  cash  paid  for  use  of  dishes  at  Fair 5  00 

By  cash  paid  H.  Lewelling  for  fruit 6  50 

By  cash  paid  M.  Lathrop  for  fruit .10  00 

By  cash  paid  for  advertising  sale  of  fruit 7  50 

By  cash  paid  for  advertising  tickets,  Alta 4  00 

By  cash  paid  Whitton,  Towne  &  Co.  for  Eeceipt  Book 9  00 

By  cash  paid  Van  Bokkelen .» 2  50 

By  cash  paid  Buswell,  lettering  Treasury  Books 3  00 

By  cash  paid  Wadsworth  &  Co.  on  order 50  00 

By  cash  on  hand 146  68      $608  81 

Received  cash  from  Mechanics'  Institute 709  75 

Received  cash  from  do.  on  bill  rendered 102  50 

$812  25 
Expended  of  Premium  Fund 657  00 

$155  25 
Balance  of  General  Fund 146  68 

J.  L.  SANFORD,  Treasurer. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  April  13,  1859. 


44 
Summary. 

Due  on  Premium  List A $364  00 

Cash  on  hand  . .  . . 301  93 


Deficit 62  07 

The  Society  has  jet  to  pay  for  printing  their   Reports,  and  some  incidental   ex- 
penses. 

Per  order  of  Finance  Committee. 


OFFICERS  FOR  1857, 


President. 
F.  W.  MACONDRAY,  San  Francisco, 


Vice-Presidents. 

WM.  NEELY  THOMPSON,  San  Francisco,  I  A.  H.  MYERS,  Alaiueda, 

WM.  DANIELS,  Santa  Clara,  GEORGE  H.  BEACH.  Yuba. 


Secretary. 
O.  C.  WHEELER,  Alameda. 


Treasurer. 
JASON  L.  SANFORD,  Alameda, 


Directors. 

B.  S.  Fox,  Santa  Clara,  |  J.  W.  OSBORN,  Napa, 

A.  P.  SMITH,  Sacramento. 

Executive  Committee. 

F.  W.  MACOXDRAY,  AVii.  DANIELS, 

JASON  L.  SANFORD,  J.  W.  OSBORN. 

O.  C.  WHEEL  EH. 

Committee  of  Finance. 

F.  W.  MACONDRAY,  |  WM.  M.  LENT, 

WM.  NKELY  THOMPSON. 


OFFICERS  FOR  1858. 


President. 

F.  W.  MACONDRAY,  San  Francisco. 
Vice -Presidents. 


W.  N.  THOMPSON,  Solano, 
J.  W.  OSBORN,  Napa, 
J.  LEWELLING,  San  Lorenzo, 
A.  P.  SMITH,  Sacramento, 


B.  S.  Fox,  San  Jose, 

G.  H.  BEACH,  Yuba, 

E.  S.  HOLDEN,  San  Joaquin, 

THOS.  J.  WHITE,  Los  Angeles. 


Secretary. 

O.  C.  WHEELER,  (resigned,)  Sacramento. 
W.  WADSWORTH,  Sgn  Francisco. 

Treasurer. 
J.  L.  SANFORD,  San  Francisco. 

Directors. 

W.  PALMER,  Alameda,  WM.  DANIELS,  Santa  Clara, 

H.  GUSHEE,  San  Francisco. 

Executive  Committee. 

F.  W.  MACONDRAY,  W.  N.  THOMPSON, 

W.  WADSWORTH,  B.  S.  Fox, 

J.  W.  OSBORN. 

Committee  of  Finance. 

F.  W.  MACONDRAY,  |  W.  N.  THOMPSON, 

C.  R.  BOND. 


* 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
AT 


society  - 

•      nf>     4-T-.J 

>    \jjL    i/jn 
annual   fair. 


SB1 

C14 

1858 


Form  L-0 

aotn-1,  -41(1122) 


